To develop a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method for simultaneous determination of six major components (nitidine chloride, chelerythrine, hesperidin, zanthoxylumol, dictamnine and pimpinellin) in Toddalia asiatica.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted using a Waters Symmetry C₁₈ column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution. The flow rate was set at 0.8 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Taking hesperidin as the reference standard, relative correction factors (RCFs) of the other five components were determined, and the contents of the six major components were calculated. The accuracy and feasibility of the QAMS method were verified by investigating the robustness of RCFs and comparing the results with those obtained by the external standard method.

Within the linear range, the RCFs of nitidine chloride, chelerythrine, zanthoxylumol, dictamnine and pimpinellin were 0.170, 0.353, 3.443, 1.546 and 0.664, respectively. The RCFs exhibited good robustness under different experimental conditions (RSD < 3%). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the results obtained by the QAMS method and the external standard method for the analysis of eight batches of Toddalia asiatica.

The developed QAMS method is accurate and feasible, which can be used for determining the contents of major components in Toddalia asiatica.

To compare the antibacterial (against Escherichia coli/Salmonella), antiviral (against HSV-1/2), and NF-κB inhibitory activity of sea buckthorn leaf extracts (SBLE) from different origins.

SBLEs were prepared using 65% ethanol for hot reflux extraction of sea buckthorn leaves from different origins. The differences in their fingerprint profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The colorimetric method was used to detect the inhibitory activity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The CCK-8 assay was employed to evaluate the activity of Vero cells infected with HSV-1/2. The luciferase reporter assay was conducted to assess the activity of NF-κB in TNF-α-induced NF-κB reporter (Luc)-HEK 293 cells.

SBLE from Datong and Huzhu exhibited better inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli (with EC₅₀ values of 184.3 and 211.6 μg·mL^-1, respectively) and Salmonella (with EC₅₀ values of 284.6 and 300.9 μg·mL^-1, respectively). SBLE from Datong, Pingan, Huzhu, Youyu, Heshun, and Zhangbei showed similar inhibitory effects on HSV-1 and HSV-2, with EC₅₀ values ranging from 27 to 36 μg·mL^-1. SBLE from Heshun, Zhangbei, and Huzhu exhibited better inhibition of NF-κB, with EC₅₀ values of 122.6, 137.1, and 154.1 μg·mL^-1, respectively.

The activities of SBLE from different origins vary, with SBLE from Datong exhibiting the best anti-Escherichia coli/Salmonella activity, SBLE from Youyu showing the best anti-HSV-1/2 activity, and SBLE from Heshun having the best NF-κB inhibitory effect.

To compare the efficacy and safety of Remimazolam versus propofol combined with nalbuphine for painless gastroenteroscopy anesthesia in alcoholics.

A total of 90 alcoholic patients from Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital from January 2022 to March 2023 were randomly assigned into two groups using a random number table. The observation group (n=45) received remimazolam combined with nalbuphine, while the control group (n=45) received propofol combined with nalbuphine. The onset time of anesthesia, awakening time, recovery time, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and sedation levels were assessed using the Ramsay Sedation Scale.

The onset time, awakening time and recovery time of anesthesia were significantly shorter in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Both groups experienced significant decreases in HR, RR, SpO₂ and MAP after endoscopy compared to pre-procedure levels (P<0.05), with the observation group significantly more stable hemodynamic parameters (P<0.05). The VAS and Ramsay Scores were significantly lower in the observation group at 5 and 30 minutes after anesthesia awakening (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05).

Compared with propofol combined with nalbuphine, remimazolam combined with nalbuphine offered superior efficacy and safety for painless gastroscopy anesthesia in alcoholic patients.