Objective To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of the alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis on thyroid function of mother rats and neurological function of offspring with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods A total of 85 female rats were selected, of which 15 rats acted as sham operation group and treated with sham operation, the other 70 rats underwent thyroidectomy + subcutaneous injection of levothyroxine (L-T₄) to establish the SCH model. Sixty-two of the 70 rats were successfully modeled, and randomly divided into low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (15 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma orientalis 9 g/kg), high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (16 rats, gavage with alcohol extract of Alisma 36 g/kg), L-T₄ group (16 rats, gavage with 4.5 μg/kg L-T₄), model group (15 rats, gavage with equal volume of normal saline), once a day, the intervention time is from 10th day of pregnancy (E10) to 21st day after birth (P21). The thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T₄) of female rats at E17 were detected by electrochemiluminescence. ELISA was used to detect the nerve growth factor(NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), p-TrkA, c-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB)and p-CREB in the hippocampus of offspring rats at P21; The escape latency of pups at P40 was measured by the positioning cruise experiment, and the number of times the pups crossed the platform at P41 was measured by the space exploration experiment. Results At E17 gestational age, there was no significant difference in serum T₄ among the 5 groups of female mice (P>0.05). The serum TSH levels were lower in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group than that in model group, and the serum TSH levels were lower in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05), while no significant difference existed in serum TSH levels between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group (P>0.05). At P21, the NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB of hippocampus were significantly higher in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group than those in model group. The NGF, BDNF, p-TrkA and p-CREB were obviously higher in high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T₄ group than those in the low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on NGF and BDNF between the high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and the hippocampus of L-T₄ group (P>0.05). The escape latency of offspring rats was shorter in low- and high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group than that in model group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform were more than that in model group (P<0.05). The escape latency of offspring in the L-T₄ group was shorter than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group, and the times of offspring crossing the platform was more than that in low-dose Alisma ethanol extract group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the escape latency and the times of crossing the platform between high-dose Alisma ethanol extract group and L-T₄ group (P>0.05). Conclusions The ethanol extract of Alisma orientalis applied to SCH mother rats can improve the thyroid function of the mother rats, promote the expression of neurological factors of offspring rats, and improve their learning and memory function. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the expression of TrkA signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of ZCCHC12 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Methods A total of 50 patients with differentiated thyroid adenocarcinoma admitted to Hebei General Hospital from May 2017 to December 2018 were selected, and set as differentiated thyroid cancer group. In addition, 50 subjects for healthy examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.The contents of PKA/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and p21 in serum was detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expressions of CREB and p21 in HUM-CELL-0097, TPC-1 and FTC-133 cell lines. TPC-1 cells and FTC-133 cells were taken and set up blank control group (normally cultured), NC si group (transfected with non-specific siRNA),and ZCCHC12 si group (transfected with ZCCHC12 siRNA), ZCCHC12 si+NC pc group (transfected with ZCCHC12 siRNA followed by the transfection with pcDNA.3.1), ZCCHC12 si+CREB pc group (transfected with ZCCHC12 siRNA followed by the transfection with pcDNA.3.1-CREB), ZCCHC12 si+NC si group (transfected with ZCCHC12 siRNA followed by the transfection with non-specific siRNA), ZCCHC12 si+p21 si group (transfected with ZCCHC12 siRNA followed by the transfection with p21 siRNA). Western blotting was performed to detect the relative expressions of ZCCHC12, CREB, P21, E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins. Transwell method was used to detect the cell invasion ability. Results Compared with healthy control group, the serum content of CREB increased (P<0.05), and of p21 decreased (P<0.01) in differentiated thyroid cancer group. Compared with HUM-CELL-0097 cells, the content of CREB increased (P<0.01), and of p21 decreased (P<0.01) in TPC-1 and FTC-133 cells. Compared with NC si group, the relative expressions of E-cadherin and p21 protein increased, while the relative protein expressions of CREB and N-cadherin and the number of cell migration decreased (P<0.01) in ZCCHC12 si group. The expression of p21 protein in ZCCHC12 si+CREB pc group was lower than that in ZCCHC12 si+NC pc group (P<0.01), which reversed the promoting effect of interfering ZCCHC12 on p21 protein expression. Compared with ZCCHC12 si+NC si group, the relative expression of E-cadherin protein significantly decreased, while the relative expression of N-cadherin protein and the number of cell migration were significantly increased (P<0.01) in the ZCCHC12 si+p21 si group, which reversed the inhibitory effect of ZCCHC12 interference on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive capacity in differentiated thyroid cancer cells. Conclusions Interfering with ZCCHC12 can effectively inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of differentiated thyroid cancer cells by regulating CREB and p21, providing a certain theoretical basis for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on maturation and oxidative stress injury in mouse oocytes in vitro. Methods Oocytes from female ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, DMSO group,and BPA group. Mouse oocytes in control group was cultured normorly in vitro,while added 0.1% DMSO in DMSO group, and 45 μmol/L BPA in 0.1% DMSO in BPA group. MII oocytes and oocytes stagnated in the GV phase were obtained .The levels of ROS in MII and GV oocytes of each group was detected by kit. The expression level of antioxidant enzyme in MII and GV oocytes was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, exposure to 45 μmol/L BPA during in vitro maturation, resulted in a significant decrease in the maturation rate of mouse oocytes in BPA group (26.32%±1.12%vs. 98.22%±0.89%, P<0.05), the levels of ROS in GV and MII oocytes were significantly higher (P<0.05), the levels of antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD2 in GV and MII oocytes were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Exposure to 45 μmol/L BPA increased ROS production and inhibited antioxidant enzyme expression, leading to oxidative stress damage of mouse oocytes and thus inhibiting oocyte maturation in vitro.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of primary breast lymphoma (PBL) and explore the value of appling rituximab for the prognosis of patients with PBL. Methods The clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic effect of rituximab were retrospectively analyzed of 65 patients with PBL admitted in the Cancer Hospital of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 1, 2000 to January 31, 2020. According to different treatment methods,they were divided into CHOP group [n=41, using CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide + epirubicin + vincristine + prednisone)] and RCHOP group (n=24, using rituximab combined CHOP regimen treatment). Patients received telephone follow-up or outpatient review until January 31, 2022 or mortality. Univariate regression analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with PBL. Results All the 65 patients were female, aged 57(23, 86) years old.The tumor size was 2.8(0.4, 5.3) cm, and the follow-up time was 4.3(0.7, 21.8) years. There was a statistically significant difference in Ki-67 expression between the two groups (P=0.043), and there was no significant difference in other clinicopathological features and treatment plans (P>0.05). The 5- and 10-year overall survival rate of the 65 PBL patients were 93.4% and 87.9%,and the 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rate were 88.2% and 79.6%, the central nervous system recurrence rate was 4.6%.The 5-year overall survival rate in CHOP group was 93.8% and in RCHOP group was 92.9% (P=0.733), and 5-year progression-free survival rate was 89.9% in CHOP group, and in RCHOP group was 92.9% (P=0.897). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the international prognostic index (IPI) score and the level of β₂ microglobulin were the independent risk factors of overall survival (P<0.05). Conclusions There is no special clinical manifestation of PBL. The definite diagnosis mainly depends on histopathological examination and immunophenotype. Radical surgical resection can not improve the prognosis of patients, and comprehensive treatment based on full-term chemotherapy should be adopted; whether patients with PBL received rituximab was not associated with the survival benefits.

Objective By literature review to retrospectively study the diagnosis and treatment process of decitabine combined with ruxolitinib in treatment of elderly patient with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) for improving the understanding of aCML. Methods To report a case data of elderly aCML patients with CSF3R T618I mutation and the clinical treatment process using decitabine combined with ruxolitinib. Search CNKI, Wanfang data knowledge service platform, PubMed database (as of December 2021). Combined with literature reports to summarize the clinical characteristics of aCML and the effectiveness and safety in treatment applying decitabine combined with ruxolitinib. Results A case of 72-year-old man, admitted to our hospital since fatigue and dizziness for more than 1 month, and diagnosed as aCML with obviously increased white blood cells, granulocytic proliferation and granulocytic dysplasia with primitive cells <20%, and CSF3R T618I mutation detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. After targeted therapy with ruxolitinib and 4 courses of treatment with decitabine, the patient achieved complete remission (CR) on morphology and had a good response on molecular. The patient's primary disease remained stable by maintenance therapy with ruxolitinib. A total of 11 cases treated with hypomethylating agents such as decitabine and azacitidine in aCML were found in literature, including 8 cases treated with decitabine alone [the CR rate was 87.5%(7/8)],2 cases treated with azacitidine alone [the effective rate was 50.0%(1/2)], and 1 case treated with decitabine combined with CAG(recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor + cytarabine + aclacinomycin) chemotherapy and achieved CR. A total of 4 cases treated with ruxolitinib alone in CSF3R T618I mutant aCML were found in literature and the overall efficiency was 50.0%(2/4). No case treated with drug combination in treatment of decitabine and ruxolitinib were found by searching literature. Conclusion aCML is a kind of rare disease, the diagnosis is based on morphological grounds only. The drug combination of decitabine and ruxolitinib is effective and well tolerable in this elderly patient with aCML.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver function status on the occurrence and development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The medical data of 628 pregnant women, who underwent prenatal examination and delivery in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from January 2018 to October 2021, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Depending on whether infected with HBV, the patients were divided into HBV positive group(n=389) and HBV negative group (n=239). Those in HBV positive group were then further divided into normal liver function group(n=301) and abnormal liver function group (n=88) according to the liver function status in the second trimester of pregnancy so as to analyze the influence of HBV infection and liver function status on the occurrence and development of GDM. A total of 137 pregnant women who met the diagnostic criteria of GDM were divided into HBV positive group (n=97) and HBV negative group(n=40) according to the different HBV infection status. Those in HBV positive group were then divided into normal liver function group (n=62) and abnormal liver function group (n=35) according to their liver function status in the second trimester, so as to analyze the influence of HBV infection on blood glucose and postpartum blood glucose in GDM patients and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results The fluctuation of blood glucose levels of pregnancy OGTT 1 h and 2 h was more obvious in pregnant women with positive HBV infection than those in negative group of HBV infection (P<0.05). The incidence of GDM was increased (24.9%vs. 16.7%) and gestational age was shortened in the pregnant women with positive HBV infection (P<0.05). Among the pregnant women with positive HBV infection, the average age, fasting blood glucose in the second trimester, OGTT 1 h, 2 h blood glucose and the incidence of GDM were higher in those with abnormal liver function (39.8% vs. 20.1%) than in those with normal liver function (P<0.05). HBV-infected GDM pregnant women with abnormal liver function developed higher blood glucose level in the second trimester of pregnancy, fasting blood glucose level within 6-12 weeks postpartum and a higher risk of impaired glucose tolerance than those with normal liver function (P<0.05). The incidence of GDM in the second pregnancy of pregnant women with HBV infection was higher than those in the first pregnancy (P<0.05). The rate of cesarean section and postpartum hemorrhage was higher in GDM with HBV infection pregnant women than those GDM pregnant women with normal liver function (P<0.05). Conclusions HBV infection with liver function damage can increase the incidence of GDM. GDM patients with HBV infection and liver function damage have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. HBV infection may prolong the recovery time of postpartum blood glucose metabolism in pregnant women.

Intestinal microorganisms are closely related to the pathogenesis of depression, but their specific mechanism of action has not been fully explained. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are metabolites produced by the fermentation of plant polysaccharides, such as dietary fiber and resistant starch mediated by gut microorganisms, which are mainly composed of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and play an important role in the microbiota-intestine-brain axis. Recent studies have found that SCFA can not only regulate intestinal energy metabolism, but also improve depression through blood-brain barrier, immune pathway, endocrine pathway and vagus nerve. SCFA is the focus of scientific research nowadays, and there are few reports on SCFA intervention in depression in China. This article reviews the research progress of SCFA on depression, providing new ideas for clinical research.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway inflammation,lung tissue destruction and airflow limitation associated with airway remodeling. As an important form of cellular communication,extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of selectively transmitting signals to nearby or distant cells to regulate their function and phenotype, and thought to play an indispensable role in lung disease. EVs can be released by bronchial epithelial cells, lymphocytes,neutrophils, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells upon activation or apoptosis under specific conditions. The role of EVs derived from these cells in the pathogenesis and progression of COPD is reviewed in present paper for contributing a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of the role of EVs in the complex pathophysiology of COPD.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in modern warfare. If the wounded cannot receive early and effective diagnosis and treatment, long-term headaches, dizziness, insomnia, memory disorders, anxiety, depression and other symptoms will be easily left behind, which will seriously affect the quality of life and combat effectiveness of service members, and bring a huge burden on families and society. In recent years, the US Department of Defense has conducted a lot of research on the pathophysiological mechanism, examination, treatment and prognosis of mTBI, and formulated some guidelines and norms. This article reviews the progress in diagnosis and treatment of mTBI, facilitating the establishment of a standardized treatment system for mTBI.

Infection is a common complication and leading cause of death in liver cirrhosis patients. In recent years, people gradually recognize the vital impact of infection, especially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, on the course and prognosis of liver cirrhosis patients. Timely and effective empiric antibiotic therapy is particularly critical for the treatment of liver cirrhosis patients with bacterial infection. However, due to the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria and extensively drug-resistant bacteria, infection in cirrhosis has also become a difficult problem. At the same time, we have a clearer understanding on the pathogenesis of infection in cirrhosis. Novel therapeutic methods, such as intestinal microecological intervention and immunoregulatory therapy, have also become research hotspots recently. Establishing an effective treatment plan for liver cirrhosis patients with bacterial infections is the key to improve the survival rate and quality of life of these patients.