Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal anatomical structure formed between the bladder and vagina, which usually occurs after gyneco-obstetric or pelvic surgery. VVF is one of the most common female genitourinary fistulas, causing serious distress to patients' physical and mental health and the quality of life. At present, the majority of VVF patients have poor outcomes in conservative therapy such as continuous bladder drainage and electrocoagulation, surgical repair is the main treatment option. The traditional surgical methods include transvaginal repair and transabdominal open repair. In recent years, with the development of minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic/robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, the selection of VVF repair procedures has become more diverse, and the safety and efficacy of the operation have been continuously improved. However, there is no uniform standard for the timing and optimal surgical method for VVF repair. This article reviews the current progress in the treatment of VVF, and provides a reference for surgeons to formulate the optimal options for individual differences.