It is very important and instructive for us to further and accurately investigate the interaction between constitutes of explosive and formation mechanism of hot spots in explosive initiation, with the constitutive relation and equation of states in wide pressure zone. Compared with shock compression, magnetically driven quasi-isentropic compression (shockless compression) is a more effective method to research the dynamic behavior of un-reacted explosives in wide pressure zone. Based on the working principle of electro-magnetic force produced by large current, the shockless compression technique driven by magnetic force was first realized in domestic. By optimizing the loading electrodes and the parameters of explosive samples, and controlling the installation technology, a pressure of 5 GPa was realized in magnetically driven quasi-isentropic compression experiments. By means of the technique of laser displacement interferometer and the Lagrange data processing method, the particle velocities of the interface between JO-9159 explosive and LiF windows were measured, and from which the experimental isentropes of JO-9159 explosive were obtained. Compared with the results from references, the experimental isentrope of JO-9159 explosive is consistent with that of PBX9501 explosive.

The specimens of polycrystalline nickel were irradiated with high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB). Surface textures and structural defects of irradiated nickel were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results show that the characteristics of preferential orientation {111} and {200} are presented after HCPEB treatments. While the treating pulses were chosen as 1 and 5 times, the surface microstructure changes after irradiation was analyzed by TEM. Within the surface layer the (111) [112] type of wave shear bands are formed in the interior of grains. Large numbers of (200)[110] types of micro-bands parallel each other embed in the wave bands. After 10 pulses, the deformation structure changed prominently. Besides the wave bands, the number of deformation twins increase evidently. The formation of these deformation structures has a significant effect both on the evolution of surface textures and grains refinement. It is suggested that HCPEB technique is becoming an effective approach to fabricate surface nanocrystalline materials.

A measurement technique for optical transmittance of window material under gas-gun-driven shock loading condition was developed, in which a pulsed light source of semiconductor laser was mounted in the projectile and along its central axis to measure the transmittance change of transparent sample during loading and unloading processes. The advantages of the light source over the traditional xenon lamp are: (1) the work voltage is only 4.5 V; (2) the response time is less than 500 ns; (3) the output power is stable. The improved method provides an important tool for studying the transparency change, absorption, and failure of brittle materials. Quartz glass, as an example, is found to partially lose its transparency during the unloading process after shock compression of 1.8 GPa, and the decrease of transmittance is as high as 30%. The results do not support the explanation of liquid-solid phase transition given by literature.

While most current studies of high hydrostatic pressure are for starches, there is evidence that high pressure can induce modification and gelatinization of some starches. Over 25 starches were investigated by high hydrostatic pressure. Different starches respond differently to applied high pressure, depending on the pressure range, starch source, temperature, solvent concentration and so on. Possible mechanisms for pressure-induced changes were discussed and compared with current starch analytical techniques. The compiled evidence of high-pressure starch enhancement in this review indicates that the treatment by high hydrostatic pressure is a potentially effective way to impove the quality of starches.

The contact analysis of hinge sleeve, cylinder and dowel in China-type cubic-anvil high pressure apparatus were conducted by finite element method and ANSYS. To avoid excessive similarity and supposition for ear and obtain exact simulation results, the fixing dowel, whose movement is constrained, was introduced in the model. The results indicated that the peak values of von Mises stress in hinge sleeve and cylinder are located within the inner ear and the bottom of cylinder, respectively, and the corresponding calculated maximum von Mises stresses are 348.32 MPa and 242.87 MPa, respectively, which are lower than allowable stress of 486.67 MPa. These results have been verified by numerous experiments.

The uniaxial compression of β-HMX crystals in three orientations of (100), (010) and (001) were calculated through molecular simulations using COMPASS (Condensed-Phase Optimized Molecular Potential for Atomistic Simulation Studies) force field. The isotherms of the three orientations are different, which indicates that the β-HMX has anisotropic compression property. The adiabatic hydrostatic compressions of β-HMX were also simulated in NpH ensemble. The adiabat is above the isotherms and in better agreement with the shock experiments. The temperatures of β-HMX were simulated by molecular dynamics and compared with the shock temperatures of β-HMX calculated with approximation theoretical method. Although there were some small deviations between the simulated and the calculated shock temperatures, the simulation of compression of β-HMX crystals in NpH ensemble is suitable for predicting the shock temperature of β-HMX explosive. COMPASS force field is applicable to describe the adiabatic compression of β-HMX. The simulation of adiabatic compression of explosive using molecular dynamics can predict the shock temperature of explosive.

Planar impact experiments of soda-lime glass were conducted on a 57 mm diameter one-stage gas gun, in which the free surface particle velocity histories for several different thicknesses of soda-lime glass under the same impact loading were measured by using VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector). Both the failure wave velocity and the failure wave trajectory were obtained. The experimental results showed that there is a time delay for the failure wave to form on the impact surface of the soda-lime glass, which decreases with the magnitude of the impact load. The present study plays an important role in further understanding of the formation mechanism and propagation law of failure wave in brittle materials.

The boron-doped diamond single crystals with different boron amounts were synthesized by adding B₄C in iron-based catalyst. Based on the testing data of different thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravity (TG) analysis during heating process, the apparent activation energies were calculated by the Kissinger method. The effect of different boron amounts on their thermal stability and oxidation resistance were analyzed in oxidation reaction. The experimental and theoretical results showed that the variation trends of the DTA and TG are consistent with that of the apparent activation energy. In the severe oxidation process, both the thermal stability and the oxidation resistance of the boron-doped diamond single crystals increase firstly and then decrease with the increasing of boron amounts.

To study dynamic response and overall damage modes of warship subjected to underwater explosion in near field, a ship-like model was designed based on similarity criterion. The dynamic response was investigated by changing stand-off and weight of explosive in experiments where four kinds of explosives were located closely under the mid-span of the hull girder. In experiments, high-speed photography was applied to obtain the girder's movement process. Simultaneously, the data of strain and acceleration was attained to make a detail analysis on how the object reacts against shock wave and bubble. Experimental results show that there exits a low-pressure fluid zone below the girder due to bubble pulse in near field. The low-pressure area makes the girder undergo a vertical bending moment and possibly suffer an overall bending damage. With the increase of stand-off, the relevance of explosion energy and damage effect gradually increases. If stand-off is close to the maximum bubble radius, the bubble will exert a maximum damage effect on the structure.

Considering direct interaction of the projectile with the steel bar, the approximate model of the projectile penetrating into the reinforced concrete is established. Using this model, the acceleration-time history is obtained. Calculation data are in agreement with experimental data. The model is used to analyze the effect of steel bar size, steel bar mesh size and steel bar configuration on the penetration depth and the overload effect in penetration process. The results indicate that when the projectile penetrates into the reinforced concrete targets at the intersection of the steel bar, the steel bar mesh size and steel bar size have an important influence on the penetration; when the projectile has small kinetic energy, the first layer of steel consumes most of kinetic energy. On the other hand, no matter how much the steel bar mesh size is, part of kinetic energy is used up by the first layer of steel when the projectile has large kinetic energy.