This studyexplores the impact mechanism of population socioeconomic, land use, station characteristics, and other transportation attributes on rail transit passenger flow. Using multisource data including LandScan population grid, points of interest (POI), and automatic fare collection system (AFC), a spatiotemporal geographic weighted regression, gradient boosting regression tree, Shapley addition explanatory (GTWRGBRTSHAP) model, was developed to analyze the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinear effects of the these factors. A case study was conducted using data from Tianjin rail transit network, and the results showed that the mixed model effectively captures the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinearity between influencing factors and passenger flow. Factors such as population density, officetype land, shopping and leisure land, and betweenness have significant spatiotemporal differences in their impact of passenger flow. Factors such as residentialtype land, transportation facility land, land use entropy, and betweenness have significant complex nonlinear and threshold relationships with passenger flow. The above results provide strategic references and theoretical support for optimizing public transportationoriented urban development (TOD) planning and improving the efficiency of rail transit passenger flow.

The Virtual track train (VTT) has been put into commercial operation as a new type of urban rail transport in China in recent years. To further understand VTT's operational performance, it is essential to develop a specific driving simulation platform to simulate VTT's unique hybrid autonomous/manual driving mode. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: First, a vehicle system dynamics (VSD) model of VTT was established using SIMPACK. Additionally, the control module for simulating the hybrid autonomous/manual driving mode of VTT was developed based on model predictive control and Logitech driving simulation hardware. Furthermore, a driving scene visualization interface was established using Unreal Engine and Blender to simulate the real driving environment. These components form a comprehensive simulation platform for the VTT. Simulation results demonstrate that the developed platform can effectively and accurately simulate the operational performance of the VTT under various driving modes, highlighting its significant engineering value.

Guided by the need to address the shortcomings of subjective selection and the mismatch between capacity and demand in the selection of existing medium and low capacity urban rail transit standards, the standardized and procedural decisionmaking system for standard selection is developed. Firstly, the 4 criterion and 16 index evaluation system is established, considering constraints such as peak hour passenger flow, minimum transport capacity reserve, and the number of train operations. A multiobjective optimization model is constructed to determine the set of candidate rail transit systems. Besides, the CRITICTOPSIS algorithm is constructed to determine the weight coefficient values of each indicator and the optimal solution distance, thereby determining the optimal track system. Finally, using the Sline as the background for example verification, 5 alternative track systems are evaluated through a quantitative model. The CRITIC and TOPSIS algorithms were implemented using Python software. The decision values of rail transportation system rank in the order of selfguided monorail, crossseat monorail, light rail, guideway rubber wheel and low and mediumspeed magnetic levitation, indicating that the optimal rail system for line S is the selfguided monorail. Analyzing the standardized scoring matrix and index weight values of each type of rail system, the research results show that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of low and mediumcapacity rail transportation system selection.

To address the mismatch between urban rail transit construction and ridership efficiency in China, it is crucial to understand and master the influence laws of network ridership and improve efficiency. However, due to a lack of longitudinal data, research on the relationships between socioeconomic factors, network structure, and ridership remains insufficient. This study uses annual panel data from 2012 to 2020, calculates topological characteristics of the urban rail transit station network, and establishes a time fixedeffects model. The goal is to explore the topology of the urban rail transit network and its coupling relationship with urban layout effects on ridership changes, facilitating rational use of transit resources and improving core competitiveness. The results indicate that as the urban rail transit network develops, the complexity of the transportation network structure increases, and the number of interchange hubs rises, playing a crucial role in network connectivity. Changes in the topological variables of the urban rail transit network significantly enhance passenger flow; the densification of network distribution and regionalization of hubs help improve interchange connections and attract more passengers. The degree of coupling coordination significantly affects passenger flow changes; thus, the coupling relationship between population distribution and line layout should be considered according to local conditions in rail line network planning. Finally, this paper proposes relevant policy suggestions for rail transit network construction planning to provide a theoretical basis for urban rail transportation construction policy formulation.

This study systematically researches and discusses service quality evaluation for the construction of highdensity urban rail transit stations in the context of China's rapid economic and urbanization development. Based on the previous results, 21 evaluation factors in five dimensions, namely, environmental safety, business and service, spatial design, ecology, and humanistic care, are proposed in conjunction with field research and national standard documents. Field surveys are carried out with Shenzhen and Hong Kong metro stations, with a total of 553 valid questionnaires collected onsite, to study the importance of the service elements as well as the satisfaction of metro users as perceived by them. Through the IPAKANO model, this paper constructs the correlation matrix of implicit and explicit importance of service elements and determines the improvement priority of service elements in metro stations. The results show that the comprehensive scores of commercial diversity and station commercial condition elements are low, and the comprehensive scores of guidance system, station rest facilities, and entrance/exit design elements are high. Based on the results, this paper proposes a strategy for optimizing the design of metro station facilities and space based on service quality improvement in terms of different priorities and levels of importance. This paper innovatively applies the IPAKANO model to the optimization of service quality of rail transit stations, and constructs a more targeted evaluation system of service elements by combining the analysis methods of explicit and implicit importance.

Traction current return system is an important part of traction power supply system. System failures can damage primary and secondary equipment and potentially disrupt train operations. At present, there is limited research on realtime measurement of traction return current distribution for 25 kV AC power supply system subway. This study presents a synchronous testing methodology for measuring current in individual return cables to study return current distribution patterns and verify limitations in SCADA system monitoring. Based on return paths, the current is divided into three groups: station return, parking lot return, and ground return. The study analyzes the proportion and variation pattern of return current in different paths and compared findings with SCADA return current data. Results indicated that despite significant temporal fluctuations in return current magnitude, the distribution ratio remains stable most of the time, with only occasional variations. The average distribution ratios across different time periods vary by less than 1%. However, the SCADA system fails to accurately reflect return current changes. This research establishes return current distribution ratios through empirical testing, providing reference values for similar substations and directions for improving SCADA system monitoring capabilities.

This paper investigates potential applications of quantum communication technology in urban rail transit information systems, addressing current and emerging security challenges. Based on existing information system architectures in urban rail transit, we leverage the advantages of quantum key distribution networks for cryptographic applications and data security protection. The paper proposes integration strategies across multiple dimensions including secure computing environments, data storage, and data transmission. We specifically examine how quantum communication technology can enhance data security in computing environments, transmission processes, and storage systems. This research provides a framework for future applications of quantum communication technology in urban rail transit information systems.

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of embedded rail technology implementation in existing metro line renovation through the case study of Xiaogang Station. The research examines the technical challenges, innovative solutions, and construction methodology employed in this pioneering project. The construction background, distinctive features, construction procedures, and solutions to the construction challenges encountered are introduced in detail. By comparing the preand postrenovation vibration, noise and Track Quality Index (TQI) on track, along with the monitoring of the postrenovation track condition, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of embedded rail track renovation in enhancing the performance of existing lines. The results indicate that this technology can significantly improve the vibration and noise reduction performance of the line while ensuring the continuity and safety of existing line operations.

Traditional fiber optic sensing methods mainly focus on onedimensional or twodimensional displacement monitoring of tunnel segments, making it difficult to effectively monitor threedimensional deformation between segment rings. This paper proposes a diamondshaped layout scheme based on distributed fiber optics, establishing a threedimensional deformation monitoring method suitable for shield tunnel segments. By analyzing the threedimensional deformation patterns of tunnel segments, three methods for calculating segment displacement are introduced. To validate the effectiveness of these methods, a simple and operable experimental device simulating threedimensional deformation of tunnel segments was designed, and indoor tests were conducted. The test results were compared with theoretical calculations, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed diamondshaped fiber optic layout for segment deformation monitoring, as well as the rationality of the three displacement calculation methods. The results demonstrate that the diamondshaped distributed fiber optic sensors, combined with the Kvalue decomposition method, provide optimal monitoring performance for segment displacement. The implementation of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) technology enables extensive realtime monitoring of tunnel segment displacement variations.

Relying on a subway station entrance and exit channel pipe jacking project, combined with the onsite monitoring data for jacking parameter inversion, the refined pipe curtaincorridorstrata pipeline corridor jacking finite element model considering the locking joints was established. The deformation of strata with and without pipe curtain is analyzed comparatively, and the necessity of pipe curtain is verified. Then, the effects of pipe diameter, pipe spacing and pipe thickness on surface settlement, pipe curtain cost and joint gap were systematically investigated through comprehensive tests, and a comprehensive evaluation system of TOPSIS was established to evaluate the adaptability of the pipe curtain with game combination assignment. Subsequently, BPNN was used to fit the mapping relationship between the pipe curtain parameters and the adaptability, and finally the genetic algorithm was used to search for the optimal parameter combinations. The study shows that the parameter that has the greatest influence on the adaptability of the pipe curtain is the diameter of the steel pipe, followed by the clear distance of the steel pipe, and finally the thickness of the steel pipe. Considering the safety, water resistance and economy, the recommended design parameters of the locking pipe curtain are the steel pipe diameter of 990 mm, the steel pipe thickness of 20 mm, and the steel pipe clearance of 160 mm.