Revealing the evolution and deformation mechanisms of interfacial microstructures and defects plays a crucial role in regulating the interfacial microstructures and properties of Al/steel dissimilar joints. However，conventional characterization methods are often inadequate for effectively elucidating the dynamic evolution mechanisms at the interface. This paper reviews the breakthrough progress of synchrotron radiation in-situ characterization techniques in elucidating the interfacial metallurgical reactions and strengthening-toughening mechanisms of Al/steel joints. By utilizing synchrotron radiation X-ray two-dimensional imaging，micro-tomography，and diffraction techniques，in-situ observations are achieved for the heterogeneous dissolution of steel，interfacial diffusion reactions，solidification behavior during Al/steel-liquid/solid interfacial reactions，as well as the deformation behavior of joints under load. These studies have provided deep insights into the growth kinetics and three-dimensional morphological evolution mechanisms of tongue-shaped Fe₂Al₅，irregular FeAl₃，and faceted Si phases at Al/steel interfaces. Furthermore，the geometric morphology and spatial distribution characteristics of pores are remodelled，the evolution of residual stress distribution in components is characterized in-situ，and the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation in heterogeneous components under loading conditions are clarified. Synchrotron radiation techniques overcome the limitations of traditional two-dimensional static characterization，providing dynamic experimental data for understanding the dissolution-diffusion-solidification processes and damage behavior under load at Al/steel interfaces. Future work should focus on in-situ studies of the metallurgical and mechanical behaviors at Al/steel interfaces under multi-field coupling or complex extreme conditions，as well as the development of intelligent in-situ characterization platforms.

Neutrons have been the unique probe that possesses magnetism， depth detection， and element sensitivity， and have become an important technique of innovative research in the field of materials science. As one of the three major neutron sources in China， China Mianyang Research Reactor （CMRR） of China Academy of Engineering Physics took the lead in building eight scientific devices and putting them into use in the first phase in 2013， which has been running stably for more than ten years. This paper focuses on the progress in device technology and application research of the CMRR neutron platform in recent years. At present， the CMRR neutron platform has fifteen scientific devices， nearly double the number present in the first phase. Based on the newly developed devices， the maximum measurable scale of the static structure for materials is widened from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Meanwhile， the energy resolution for micro-dynamic characterization is improved by about three orders of magnitude from the original sub-microelectron volt to the hundred-nanoelectron volt. Based on the advantages of an integrated large-scale scientific facility that possesses multi-scale and multi-parameter characterization abilities， the CMRR neutron platform has been applied to the research of key engineering materials such as metal alloys， magnetic materials， battery materials， energetic materials， soft materials， as well as the field of engineering components manufacturing. In the future， relying on the National Key Laboratory of Neutron Science and Technology， effort will be made to promote the major original innovation based on neutron science and the frontier development of new materials， condensed matter physics and other disciplines， which is expected to provide new insights and innovative solutions for the bottleneck scientific and technological problems faced by the research and development of engineering materials and components.

The damage evolution behavior of center-notched C/SiC composite components is investigated under uniaxial tensile loading by conducting in situ mechanical experiments based on synchrotron radiation X-ray CT observations with deep learning algorithms，3D digital image-based finite element method（3D IB-FEM），and digital volume correlation（DVC） method. The intelligent identification of different types of internal damage， including fiber bundle cracking， matrix cracking， and delamination， in center-notched C/SiC composite specimens under uniaxial tensile loading is achieved. Furthermore， the relationship between damage evolution and strain concentration is established. Deep learning-based damage identification and quantitative analysis indicate that both the center notch and initial pores influence the locations of damage initiation. The results of the three-dimensional digital image-based finite element analysis reveal the effect of initial pore geometry on crack initiation， while DVC results demonstrate the correlation between widespread strain concentration in fiber bundle regions and delamination damage， as well as final fracture. The three damage forms—fiber bundle cracking， matrix cracking， and delamination—are interrelated to some extent. As the load increases， adjacent delamination areas connect to form matrix cracks， which may further propagate into fiber bundle cracks. Under tensile loading， the primary failure modes of fiber bundles include fiber bundle fracture， fiber bundle splitting， and fiber bundle sliding. The presence of a center notch does not change the failure modes of the fiber bundles.

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in high-temperature turbine components of aviation engines， and inertia friction welding （IFW） is widely used for the connection of nickel-based superalloy disc and shaft due to its solid-phase bonding property and high weld quality. With the emergence of new materials and structures， there are greater challenges for inertia friction welding. Therefore， this paper mainly reviews the current research status of the formation mechanism of weld seam， microstructural evolution characteristics， mechanical properties， and numerical simulation of welding process in inertia friction welding joint of nickel-based superalloy. At the same time， the formation mechanism of continuous drive friction welding joint of nickel-based superalloy is summarized for comparison. Finally， the key issues such as how to smoothly extrude flash， the selection of heat treatment process and the deterioration of corrosion resistance of joints after heat treatment are put forward in the relevant research in the future.

As a typical refractory metal material， tungsten alloy possesses high hardness， excellent wear resistance， and good radiation shielding ability， making it widely applicable in various industrial fields. However， its poor formability hinders the manufacturing of complex structural components using traditional preparation methods such as liquid phase sintering. Additive manufacturing technology， which fabricates three-dimensional structural parts by layer-wise accumulation of forming planes， has unique advantages in producing complex components. Consequently， it has attracted extensive attention in the field of tungsten alloy component manufacturing. The development and application of additive manufacturing technology in the preparation of tungsten alloys in recent years are systematically introduced， and the influencing factors of tungsten alloy toughening during the forming process are further discussed. Firstly， the current research status of various tungsten alloy additive manufacturing technologies both domestically and internationally is presented， and their applicable scenarios are summarized. Then， the toughening approaches for tungsten alloys during forming， including second-phase particles and alloying treatments， are comprehensively reviewed. Finally， the development direction of additive manufacturing of tungsten alloys in the fields of composition optimization， process parameter control， post-processing， multi-material printing and intelligent manufacturing integration to improve the mechanical properties of formed alloys and expand the application fields is summarized and prospected.

With the emergence and rapid advancement of cutting-edge sciences like artificial intelligence and brain-computer interface， significant progress has been achieved in the development of flexible gel materials. Due to the good biocompatibility， adaptability to multifunctional components， and cost-effectiveness， polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） is widely used as an ideal skeleton for the construction of gel materials. According to the reports on PVA-based gels in the past years， in this paper， we provide a comprehensive overview of design methods， especially the mechanical reinforcement strategies， to construct physical crosslinked networks of PVA， including freeze-thawing， salt-outing， annealing， and solvent exchange. Furthermore， we summarize the current challenges in high-performance PVA-based gel materials， and propose insights into future developments and potential applications.

Continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites，as representatives of high-performance structure-function integrated materials，the innovation of their preparation technology and the expansion of engineering applications have always been core issues in the field of materials. This paper mainly reviews the forming process of continuous fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites，systematically combing the advantages，disadvantages，and applicability of traditional forming technologies for fiber metal matrix composites. Aiming at the bottlenecks of traditional processes，high-quality integrated forming methods for new composites such as 3D printing technology and fiber metal prepreg preparation technology are discussed. The feasibility and application trends of these methods in forming structural parts of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites are also discussed，with the aim of providing a reference for the development direction of high-quality preparation processes for metal matrix composites and their engineering applications.

Selective laser melting （SLM），as an additive manufacturing technology，can freely form high complexity metal parts. With different graphene nanoplatelets （GNPs） contents，GNPs/TC11 composites are prepared by SLM，and the effect of graphene content on the microstructure and physical properties of TC11 alloy formed by SLM is investigated. The microstructure indicates that graphene， as a carbon element， can dissolve into the TC11 matrix， resulting in a solution strengthening effect，and improve the heterogeneous nucleation rate of TC11 alloy that can promote phase α refinement. In addition，different degrees of element segregation are caused by graphene，triggering dislocation pinning effects and hindering deformation dislocation slip. The physical performance results show that the microhardness and strength of GNPs/TC11 composites are improved significantly，while the shape of TC11 wear marks transitions from U-shaped to W-shaped，and the size of wear marks and friction coefficient are reduced. When the load is 50 N，the surface roughness decreases by 43%，while when the load increases to 100 N，the surface roughness decreases by 14%. Additionally，its wear mechanism changes from adhesive wear to abrasive wear under 50 N load，during which the phenomenon of scale peeling is reduced. This indicates that adding GNPs to TC11 can improve its mechanical properties and wear resistance to a certain extent.

Aiming at the interface defect issue of 45/CuSn5 alloy cladding layer，this study proposes a method for suppressing interface defects and optimizing the performance of 45/316L/CuSn5 gradient cladding layer prepared by laser cladding additively using 316L as a transition layer. By systematically comparing the microstructure and element distribution of the interface between the 45/CuSn5 single cladding layer and the 45/316L/CuSn5 gradient cladding layer，the control mechanism of the 316L transition layer is revealed，and the properties of the substrate and gradient cladding layer are compared and studied. The results show that the gradient cladding layer forms a defect-free metallurgical bonding interface due to the introduction of 316L transition layer，and the interface exhibits obvious elemental interdiffusion. The high concentration gradient of Cr element effectively reduces the interface energy and suppresses crack initiation. The diffusion of Cu element into 316L promotes the formation of a Cu-Ni solid solution，while the transition from 316L to the CuSn5 surface cladding layer realizes a transition from austenite （γ-Fe） to an α-Cu solid solution. This crystallographic structure transition effectively suppresses the formation of interfacial brittle phases， thereby achieving interface defect suppression. In the friction and wear test under dry friction conditions with a load of 20 N and reciprocating linear motion for 30 min，the average friction coefficient of the gradient cladding layer is 0.1486，significantly lower than that of the substrate（0.4080）；the wear rate is 1.723 mm³·N^-1·m^-1，which is 30.21% lower than that of the substrate（2.469 mm³·N^-1·m^-1），achieving optimized wear resistance of the substrate. Electrochemical corrosion tests further show that in a 3.5%NaCl solution，the corrosion current density of the gradient cladding layer（3.105×10^-6 A·cm^-2）is one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate（4.839×10^-5 A·cm^-2）， with the corrosion rate reduced by 93.58%， demonstrating significantly enhanced corrosion resistance.

The study focuses on the nickel-based superalloy ZGH451 manufactured by additive manufacturing， conducting heat treatment experiments with different processes. By analyzing the microstructure and mechanical properties， an optimized heat treatment regime suitable for this alloy has been developed， which consists of short-time high-temperature solution treatment followed by two-stage aging. The results indicate that the optimal heat treatment process is as follows： 1250 ℃ for 15 min （air cooling） + 1100 ℃ for 4 h （air cooling） + 850 ℃ for 24 h （air cooling）. After complete heat treatment， the element segregation within the alloy is eliminated， resulting in a γ' phase microstructure with favorable size （436 nm）， area fraction （63.74%）， and cubic morphology. Additionally， the tensile properties at 760 ℃ are significantly improved， with a tensile strength of 1142 MPa and an elongation of 22.8%.