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Outline
With the emergence and rapid advancement of cutting-edge sciences like artificial intelligence and brain-computer interface， significant progress has been achieved in the development of flexible gel materials. Due to the good biocompatibility， adaptability to multifunctional components， and cost-effectiveness， polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） is widely used as an ideal skeleton for the construction of gel materials. According to the reports on PVA-based gels in the past years， in this paper， we provide a comprehensive overview of design methods， especially the mechanical reinforcement strategies， to construct physical crosslinked networks of PVA， including freeze-thawing， salt-outing， annealing， and solvent exchange. Furthermore， we summarize the current challenges in high-performance PVA-based gel materials， and propose insights into future developments and potential applications.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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