The construction of abundant active sites and enhancement of pollutant-specific selectivity on heterogeneous catalyst surfaces are crucial for efficient pollutant removal via persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. The incorporation of carbon dots （CDs） into copper-based oxides to construct multivalent metal species can significantly improve the activation capability of peroxydisulfate （PS）. In this study，a simple calcination method is employed to regulate the valence state of Cu in copper-based oxides using CDs，resulting in the synthesis of a CDs/CuO _x composite with multiphase structures containing Cu⁰，Cu₂O，and CuO. In the degradation of tetracycline （TC） （used as a model pollutant），the CDs/CuO _x composite excellent activation capability. Under the reaction conditions of TC concentration （50 mg/L），PS concentration （0.5 mmol/L），and catalyst concentration （0.06 g/L），the degradation efficiency of TC reaches 99% within 60 min，with an apparent reaction rate constant of 0.066 min^-1. This reaction rate is 6.6 times that of CuO. Cu⁰ acts as a continuous electron donor，not only induces the generation of selective singlet oxygen （¹O₂） but，more importantly，promotes the Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ cycle reaction. This cycle generates hydroxyl radicals （·OH） and improves activation efficiency. The use of CDs regulates the coexistence of multivalent Cu active sites in the catalyst，which enhances the activation capability for PS，providing a new idea for the efficient design of catalysts.

Ceramic materials， with their high strength， high hardness， excellent high-temperature resistance， and superior corrosion resistance， have broad application prospects in fields such as machinery， electronics， aerospace， and biomedical engineering. However， traditional ceramic processing techniques are restricted by mold dependency and limited design freedom， making it difficult to meet the demand for efficient and rapid manufacturing of complex components. Laser additive manufacturing （LAM）， including laser powder bed fusion （LPBF） and laser directed energy deposition （LDED）， primarily achieves three-dimensional solid formation through layer-by-layer laser melting and stacking， providing a revolutionary solution for the rapid， customized manufacturing of complex-shaped ceramic components. However， the crack defects generated during the rapid solidification process in LAM severely constrain performance enhancement and engineering applications， becoming an urgent challenge and research hotspot in this field. This paper outlines the forming principles and the latest domestic and international progress of ceramic materials using LPBF and LDED technologies. It focuses on discussing the crack formation mechanisms， microstructural evolution， mechanical properties， and their influencing factors in direct laser additive manufacturing of ceramics. Additionally， it systematically summarizes strategies for suppressing cracks， such as forming preheating， process optimization， ultrasonic assistance， and microstructural control， along with their effects. Finally， it provides an outlook on the future development trends and core challenges of ceramic LAM technology， focusing on directions such as multi-physical field coupling simulations， material composition optimization， and multi-field assisted technologies， offering guidance for promoting the rapid development of ceramic laser additive manufacturing technology.

Superalloy hollow turbine blades are key components of aero engines， and the ceramic core used for forming the complex cooling channel structure inside the blade is a key transitional component in the blade preparation. The stereolithographic additive manufacturing process for ceramic cores has the advantages of no need for molds， high precision， and short process cycle， providing a reliable new process for the high-precision preparation of complex-structured ceramic cores. Among them， defect control in the additive manufacturing process of cores has become the key to the preparation of high-precision ceramic cores. This work summarizes the current research status of printing， degreasing and sintering defect control at home and abroad. The defect regulation mechanism is summarized， and the research status of defect regulation is reviewed from aspects such as slurry preparation， printing and degreasing-sintering process optimization， and the addition of mineralizers. On this basis， it is proposed that curing behavior， pore distribution law and deep learning are important development directions for future research on ceramic cores.

Mechanical metamaterials achieve extraordinary mechanical properties beyond those of natural materials by leveraging structural topology， multi-material integration， and multiscale design. These artificial systems offer promising solutions to overcome the intrinsic limitations of conventional materials， enabling their application in demanding fields such as aerospace， deep-sea exploration， and intelligent equipment. In recent years， driven by innovations in physical mechanisms， design strategies， and manufacturing techniques， the field has rapidly evolved from focusing on single-function materials to multifunctional， programmable， and stimuli-responsive systems. Unlike traditional metamaterials with static and singular mechanical responses such as low-frequency vibration isolation， negative Poisson’s ratio， or directional stiffness， multifunctional mechanical metamaterials enable dynamic control of force–displacement behavior， Poisson’s ratio， and wave propagation through structural reconfiguration. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and application of multifunctional mechanical metamaterials with intelligent responsiveness. We focus on the development of quasi-zero stiffness structures， auxetic systems， and bandgap-tunable lattices， emphasizing their programmability and multimodal responses under external fields. Finally， future perspectives are discussed， including the need for highly integrated unit cell designs， in-situ adaptive modeling under multiphysics coupling， and the exploration of novel physical principles， smart materials， and advanced manufacturing technologies. These efforts aim to shift the paradigm of mechanical metamaterials from passive architectures to active， intelligent systems suitable for complex service environments.

Zirconia （ZrO₂） is widely used in dental restorations for its excellent mechanical properties， continuously improved optical properties， and durability. CNC machining for zirconia dental restorations is mature yet inflexible， with a phase transformation risk that can affect performance and stability. Additive manufacturing， with its high degree of freedom and accuracy， can create complex 3D geometries unachievable by subtractive manufacturing， while reducing material waste， energy consumption， and production time. These features have drawn increasing attention to additive manufacturing in the dental restoration market. Zirconia-based restorations， a significant part of the dental market， have achieved performance in additive manufacturing comparable to that of traditionally manufactured （CAD/CAM） restorations. Therefore， it is necessary to summarize the latest achievements of zirconia in dental restoration manufacturing. This article summarizes the various applicable additive manufacturing methods （including vat photopolymerization， material extrusion， material jetting， powder bed fusion， and binder jetting） for zirconia-based dental restorations based on the latest research， provides the available dental materials， manufacturing examples， and performance requirements， and identifies the challenges for current additive manufacturing of dental restoratives. This review aims to help dentists and researchers better understand the current zirconia additive manufacturing technology and choose suitable dental materials and methods when manufacturing restorations or prostheses.

Ceramic additive manufacturing technology， through high-precision structural design and multi-material integrated molding， provides a new approach for the field of catalysis， ranging from carrier customization to precise regulation of active sites. Catalyst carriers prepared based on ceramic additive manufacturing technology feature higher mass transfer efficiency， freely formed geometric shapes， and excellent thermal stability， demonstrating significant potential in reducing production costs and advancing green energy initiatives. This review systematically examines four principal additive manufacturing technologies applied to ceramic catalyst carriers： direct ink writing， stereolithography， digital light processing， and fused deposition modeling. The review summarizes four major kinds of ceramics applied as catalyst carriers， and outlines the current research landscape of additive manufacturing in fabricating diverse ceramic catalyst carriers， with a focused analysis on their applications in automotive exhaust purification， denitrification processes， chemical synthesis， solid oxide fuel cells， and solar thermochemical cycle reactions. Finally， the key challenges and future development directions of additively manufactured ceramic catalyst supports are discussed. Future research should focus on the development of novel multifunctional ceramic material systems， the synergistic design of high-precision and multiscale architectures， the coupled regulation of active sites and mass transfer behavior， as well as green， low-energy fabrication and post-processing strategies， to promote the large-scale application of additively manufactured ceramic catalyst supports in energy conversion and environmental catalysis.

PA12 material has good thermal stability and radiation resistance， and has broad application prospects in deep space manufacturing. However， PA12 materials prepared by fused deposition modeling （FDM） on the ground generally have structural defects such as high porosity and poor interlayer bonding， which limit their mechanical properties and make it difficult to directly use them in deep space environments. To address this issue， this study proposes the modification of printing materials using extreme environmental conditions in deep space to improve their mechanical properties and meet the high requirements for structural integrity and mechanical performance in deep space manufacturing. By simulating typical variables in deep space environments， including high-temperature heat treatment， ultraviolet irradiation， and anaerobic solidification， the effects of different processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PA12 materials are systematically evaluated. The results show that after 10 min of heat treatment at 200 ℃， the bending strength of the sample increases by 66.2%； after introducing 3% （mass fraction， the same below） photoinitiator and 4% photocrosslinking agent and irradiating with UV for 2 min， the tensile strength of the sample increases by 17.5%； after doping with 3% anaerobic adhesive and irradiating for 2 min， the compressive strength of the sample increases by 34.4%. Finally， multiple processing techniques are combined to synergistically regulate the sample， resulting in a 75%，94.2%， and 62.2% increase in tensile， bending， and compressive strength， respectively. This study explores the impact of simulating extreme deep space environments on the properties of PA12 materials， verifying the feasibility of in-situ modification of PA12 materials using deep space environmental variables. This provides an effective technical path and theoretical support for the in-orbit manufacturing of high-performance elastic components in deep space environments.

Digital light processing （DLP） technology has attracted significant attention for its ability to quickly form complex structure porous silicon nitride （Si₃N₄） ceramics without the need for molds. However， challenges still exist regarding the rheological properties， stability， and curing performance of the Si₃N₄ ceramic slurry. This paper successfully enhances the rheology and curing performance of Si₃N₄ slurries by optimizing the multi-component photosensitive resin， dispersant system， and photocuring forming parameters. The results show that the multi-component resin system consisting of HDDA， TMP3EOTA， and ACMO at 3∶1∶2 mass ratio achieves optimal performance. Compared to the system containing IBOA， ACMO has no strong conjugated groups， and its morpholine ring can stabilize the free radicals of photoinitiators， achieving 95% increase in curing depth of the Si₃N₄ slurry. After the introduction of the dispersant Solsperse 41000， the stability and rheological properties of the slurry are further improved. As the content of Solsperse 41000 increases， the viscosity of the Si₃N₄ slurry first decreases and then increases； when the dispersant content reaches 3% of the powder mass， the slurry viscosity drops to its minimum value （0.16 Pa·s）. However， the addition of an excessive amount of dispersant will lead to multi-layer adsorption on the powder surface and self-entanglement of the dispersant itself， which impairs the rheological properties of the slurry. Based on the above optimizations， adjusting the laser power and exposure time to 15 mW/cm² and 7 s， respectively， can simultaneously meet the requirements for both curing depth and forming precision. Finally， Si₃N₄ ceramic green bodies with complex structures are successfully printed， and a porous Si₃N₄ ceramic with porosity of 18.76% and flexural strength of 240.28 MPa is ultimately produced. This study provides an experimental basis for the preparation of high-performance porous Si₃N₄ ceramics.

Aiming at the problem that the internal short carbon fiber （C_sf） of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide （C_sf/SiC） composites prepared by laser powder bed molten/liquid silicon permeation （LPBF/LSI） is prone to be eroded by molten Si， which limits the strengthening and toughening effect of fibers on the matrix and restricts the performance improvement of C_sf/SiC composites formed by LPBF/LSI. This study propose to coat pyrolytic carbon （PyC） and silicon carbide （SiC） coatings respectively on the surface of C_sf by hydrothermal carbonization and dip coating-pyrolysis processes， and C_sf/SiC composites are prepared through LPBF/LSI. The influence of the fiber surface coating on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C_sf/SiC composites is studied. The results show that the SiC coating can prevent the direct contact between Csf and molten Si， avoid the dissolution-precipitation reaction at the interface between the two， and thereby protect C_sf. Compared with the C_sf/SiC composites with C_sf and C_sf@PyC， the internal fibers of the C_sf/SiC composites with C_sf@SiC still retained better original structure， while the C_sf inside the former two showed reactive erosion. The fibers retained due to SiC coating protection improved the flexural strength and fracture toughness of C_sf/SiC composites to a certain extent through crack deflection， coating de-bonding and fiber pulling mechanisms， which are 7.1% and 8.3% higher than those of C_sf/SiC composites with C_sf and C_sf@PyC， respectively. The maximum reaches 246.09 MPa and 3.28 MPa·m^1/2. In this study， the synergistic improvement of the strength and toughness of C_sf/SiC composites is achieved through the optimization of fiber surface coatings， providing a certain theoretical basis for the preparation of high-performance C_sf/SiC composites by LPBF/LSI.

Stereolithography 3D printing technology achieves high-precision fabrication of ceramic cores with complex structures by selectively curing a paste composed of photosensitive resin and ceramic powder using ultraviolet laser. However， the ceramic paste experiences light scattering during curing， leading to an expansion of the cured area， which adversely affects printing accuracy and part performance. Based on a high-solid-loading， thixotropic silica ceramic paste system， the mechanism of ultraviolet absorbers in the preparation of light-curing 3D-printed ceramic core samples and its effect on the properties of the ceramic cores are systematically investigated. By experimentally optimizing the type and amount of ultraviolet absorber， its effects on the printing accuracy， microstructure， sintering shrinkage， and mechanical properties of the ceramic core samples are explored. The results show that an appropriate amount of ultraviolet absorber regulates the spatial distribution of light， effectively reduces scattering of light， and thereby improves the printability of the paste while enhancing interlayer bonding， microstructural uniformity， and mechanical properties. However， there exists an optimal threshold for the amount of ultraviolet absorber. Excessive addition leads to excessive attenuation of light intensity， prolongs the single-layer exposure time， and reduces printing efficiency. Through systematic experimental optimization， 0.25% （mass fraction） TINUVIN B75 is determined as the optimal type and concentration of absorber， achieving the best balance between printing accuracy and efficiency.