Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yangxue Antai serum in regulating the release of exosomes from JEG - 3 cells to affect endothelial cells and endometrial cells.Methods: The exosome release inhibitor GW4869 was used to inhibit the release of exosomes from JEG - 3 cells, and the Yangxue Antai serum interfered with JEG - 3 cells, A co - culture system was established in which JEG - 3 cells or exosomes secreted by JEG - 3 cells were co - cultured with HEC-1 - A cells or HUVECs. The expression of VEGFA and p - VEGFR2 in HUVECs, the expression of EMT - related proteins E - cadherin, Vimentin, N - cadherin and Fibronectin as well as the expression of deciduation - related proteins BMP2, HOXA10, PRL and IGFBP1 in HEC -1 - A cells were measured by Western blot. The migration rate of HUVECs was measured by cell scratch assay. The invasion and migration ability of HUVECs were measured by Transwell assay, F - actin expression was measured by cytoskeleton assay, and the lumen length in HUVECs was measured by tubule formation assay.Results: Compared with Control group, the expressions of VEGFA and p - VEGFR2 in GW4869 group were significantly decreased. The expression of E - cadherin was significantly increased, while the expression of Vimentin, N - cadherin and Fibronectin were significantly decreased. The expressions of BMP2, HOXA10, PRL and IGFBP1 were significantly decreased. Cell invasion and migration ability were significantly decreased, the lumen length was decreased, and the expression of F - actin was significantly decreased. Compared with GW4869 group, the expressions of VEGFA and p - VEGFR2 in GW4869 + Yangxue Antai and GW4869 + exosome group were significantly increased. The expression of E - cadherin was significantly decreased, while the expression of Vimentin, N - cadherin and Fibronectin was significantly increased. The expressions of BMP2, HOXA10, PRL and IGFBP1 were significantly increased. Cell invasion and migration ability were increased significantly, the lumen length was increased, and the expression of F - actin was increased significantly.Conclusion: Yangxue Antai serum can affect the angiogenesis of endothelial cells, EMT and decidualization of endometrial cells by regulating the release of exosomes from JEG - 3 cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Dihuang Yinzi on cognitive function of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and explore its underlying mechanisms.Methods: Forty - five male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (9 mice per group) : namely the model group (normal saline), the donepezil hydrochloride group(0.84 mg/kg/d), and the low - dose, medium - dose, and high - dose Dihuang Yinzi groups (1.25, 2.5, and 5 g/kg/d, respectively). Additionally, 9 male C57BL/6J mice were used as the blank group (normal saline). All groups were treated continuously for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory abilities in each group. Nissl staining was performed to observe neuronal cells and Nissl bodies in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to observe NDRG2 and GFAP in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Golgi staining was used to examine the morphology of dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of postsynaptic density protein - 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYN) in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Western blot was used to measure the expression of NDRG2 and EAAT1 in the hippocampus.Results: Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the Morris water maze in each dose group of Dihuang Yinzi was reduced, and the residence time in the target quadrant and the number of crossings in the target quadrant were increased (P <0.01 or P < 0.05). The number of neurons, the number of dendritic branches, and dendritic spines were increased. PSD95 and SYN were up - regulated (P <0.05), while GFAP, NDGR2, and EAAT1 were decreased (P <0.01 or P <0.05).Conclusion: Dihuang Yinzi can improve the cognitive function of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Its mechanism of action may be related to down - regulating the expression of NDRG2, regulating astrocytes, subsequently down - regulating EAAT1, reducing the concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft, improving synaptic plasticity, and alleviating hippocampal neuronal damage.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of KR ethanol extract on hypoxia - induced TC - 1 injury in mouse lung epithelial cells.Methods: LC - MS was used to analyze the compounds in the alcohol extract of KR. The cell hypoxia model was established by three - gas incubator (37 ℃, 5% CO₂, 94% N₂, 1% O₂). TC - 1 cells were divided into normal group (Normal), hypoxia group (Hypoxia), hypoxia + KR alcohol extract low dose group (Hypoxia + KRL, 90 μg/mL), hypoxia + KR alcohol extract high dose group (Hypoxia + KRH, 180 μg/mL). Cell viability was measured by CCK - 8 assay. The morphological changes of cells were observed by inverted microscope and the number of cells was counted. The leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant of cell culture medium and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF - α), interleukin -6 (IL - 6) and ATP in cells were detected. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was observed by fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of hypoxia - inducible factor - 1α (HIF - 1α), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT - qPCR. The protein expression levels of HIF - 1α, eNOS and iNOS in cells were detected by Western blot.Results: Twenty - two compounds were found in the KR ethanol extract. After 24 h of hypoxia treatment, the cells of TC - 1 cells became swollen and round, and the contents of ROS, LDH, MDA, TNF - α and IL - 6 were significantly increased, while the contents of SOD and ATP were significantly decreased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF - 1α and iNOS were significantly increased, while the expression level of eNOS was decreased. After treatment with KR ethanol extract, the number of cells increased significantly, the cell morphology tended to be Normal group, and the contents of ROS, LDH, MDA, TNF - α and IL - 6 decreased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF - 1α and iNOS were decreased. SOD, ATP and eNOS were significantly increased.Conclusion: KR ethanol extract can down - regulate the expression of HIF - 1α when TC - 1 cells are stimulated by hypoxia, and improve cell energy metabolism disorder, oxidative stress response and inflammatory response to exert anti - hypoxia effect.

Objective: To study the anti - inflammatory effect of Perilla Folium with both surfaces purple (PP), Perilla Folium with upper surface green and the lower surface purple (GP), Perilla Folium with both surfaces green (GG) and to analyze the relationship between the anti - inflammatory effect, leaf color chromatic values (L, a*, b*, E* ab, R - value, G - value, and B - value), and the contents of perilla aldehydes, rosmarinic acid, and anthocyanins.Methods: The CCK - 8 method was used to determine the effects of three types of Perilla Folium on RAW 264.7 monocyte - macrophage survival rates, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS - DA) was used to explore the differences between perilla leaves with different leaf colors. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to systematically analyze the correlation between the seven leaf color values, including Red image component mean value(R - value), Green image component mean value (G - value), Blue image component mean value (B - value), Red green value (a*), Yellow blue value (b*), Brightness value (L*), and Total color value (E* ab), as well as the contents of perilla aldehyde, anthocyanin, and rosmarinic acid, and the anti - inflammatory effect in order to reveal the intrinsic links between anti - inflammatory effects and colorimetric characteristics and chemical composition.Results: PP, GP, and GG all showed certain anti - inflammatory effects. At a concentration of 25 mg/mL, the survival rates of PP, GP, and GG ranged from 56% to 94%, 49% to 123%, and 64% to 110%, respectively. One - way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference among the three. The results of PLS - DA showed that Perilla Folium with different leaf colors were each grouped into one category, and seven key differential indexes, including perilla aldehyde, anthocyanins, R value, b*, E* ab, rosemarinic acid and L*, were screened out. Correlation analysis showed that cell survival rates were positively correlated with b* - value.Conclusion: The anti - inflammatory effects of Perilla Folium did not significantly differ among the three leaf colors, and higher b* - value was associated with stronger anti - inflammatory effects.

Renal hematuria (RH) originates from the glomerulus and is caused by glomerular injury. It is mainly manifested as gross or microscopic hematuria, and its pathogenesis can be divided into two aspects: deficiency and excess. Based on Liu Wansu's theory of "stagnant heat and binding", this article analyzes the functions of wind medicine in "dispelling wind" and "mimicking nature", summarizes the practices of famous doctors and experts, and attempts to explore the clinical application of wind medicine in RH. It is believed that the excess syndrome of RH is mainly manifested as the accumulation of wind - dampness, damp - heat, turbid stasis, etc. The stagnant heat and binding leads to the dysfunction of the opening and closing of the Xuanfu, resulting in blockage. The deficiency syndrome is mainly manifested as the loosening of the Xuanfu, the obstruction of pathogenic factors, and the imbalance of the function of qi - ye in nourishing the body. Both aspects can cause restlessness of the kidney collaterals, and blood flowing out of the vessels instead of following the normal meridians, thus forming RH. The adminstration of wind medicine can reach both inside and outside. Appropriate compatibility of wind medicine can not only eliminate tangible pathogenic factors such as damp - heat, blood stasis, and turbid toxins but also invigorate qi transformation and guide tonic substances. The clinical compatibility of wind medicine has a good curative effect on both the deficiency and excess aspects of RH, providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of RH.

Melasma is a common destructive skin disease, and insomnia is the main cause of its induction and aggravation. Melasma accompanied by insomnia causes obvious troubles to patients' lives, and there is not any well therapeutic regimenat present. Xiao's school of Dermatology of traditional Chinese medicine in Fujian Medical School argues that the main pathogenesis of melasma accompanied by insomnia is the loss of spirit mechanism and the weakness of Qi activity. Its prescription to regulate the spirit of strengthening Qi, promoting blood and removing melasma as the theme, has accumulated certain experience in clinical. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to elucidate Xiao's method of regulating the spirit and removing melasma, explore its legislative ideas, and study its essence of composition, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective: To investigate the effects of internal heat needle therapy combined with isokinetic centrifugal training on knee joint function and lower limb muscle strength in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Method: The selected study cases were 80 KOA patients who received outpatient and inpatient treatment in the hospital in the past year and a half (January 2023 to July 2024). They were randomly divided into groups (40 cases in each group)according to the random envelope method. The control group was only treated with isokinetic centrifugation training, while the study group was treated with isokinetic centrifugation training + internal heat injection therapy. The efficacy and related clinical indicators were evaluated after 4 weeks.Results: After treatment intervention, the muscle strength, joint mobility, and gait function of the study group patients were significantly stronger than those of the control group(P < 0.05) ; Knee joint pain, functional impairment, traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, inflammatory indicators, and joint fluid protein levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05) ; According to the statistical efficacy, the total clinical effective rate of 92.50% in the study group was significantly higher than that of 72.50% in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The combination of internal heat needle therapy and isokinetic centrifugal training can synergistically regulate inflammation,repair knee joint biomechanics, significantly improve knee joint function in KOA patients, promote the recovery of lower limb muscle strength, and have high clinical application value.

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect of pounding needling combined with Shaoshanhuo acupuncture(Mountain - burning fire needling technique) in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), and to explore its influences on cervical range of motion and hemodynamics parameters.Methods: According to random grouping method, 200 patients with CSR treated in Luoyang Orthopedic - Traumatological Hospital Of Henan Province were divided into control group (n=100, lifting, thrusting and rotating method) and observation group (n = 100, pounding needling combined with Shaoshanhuo acupuncture) between August 2019 and August 2024. All patients were treated for 2 courses of treatment (2 weeks/course). After treatment, clinical curative effect, scores of TCM syndromes, impairment of cervical spine function [neck disability index (NDI)], cervical spine pain [Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)], cervical range of motion and vertebral artery hemodynamics [peak systolic velocity (VS), mean flow velocity(VM), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI)] in the two groups were compared.Results: After treatment, clinical response rates in observation group and control group were 96.00% (96/100) and 88.00% (88/100), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with control group after treatment, scores of TCM syndromes, NDI and NRS, PI and RI were higher (P <0.01), while cervical range of motion, VS and VM were lower in observation group (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Compared with single therapy, curative effect of combined with Shaoshanhuo acupuncture is more significant, which can effectively improve disease symptoms, cervical range of motion and hemodynamics indexes in CSR patients.

Objective: To conduct a retrospective analysis on the clinical efficacy of the renowned traditional Chinese medicine formula, Lichong Decoction, in treating adenomyosis.Methods: A total of 158 patients with adenomyosis who first visitedthe gynecology outpatient clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to August 2024 were selected. After screening, 100 patients with adenomyosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis pattern were included. They were treated with the Chinese herbal decoction Lichong Decoction, administered from the date of consultation, one dose daily, taken warm, with 30 days as one treatment cycle, for a total of 3 cycles.Results: After treatment, the uterine size in AM patients showed mild reduction; menstrual volume significantly decreased; the dysmenorrhea relief rate was 53% at 3 months post - treatment and 62% at 6 months post- treatment; levels of FSH, LH, E2, P, and T all decreased, with each showing statistical significance (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The Chinese herbal decoction Lichong Decoction has the effects of boosting Qi, regulating menstruation, activating blood circulation, resolving stasis, dispersing masses, and resolving nodules. It can effectively improve uterine volume, reduce excessive menstrual flow, and relieve dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyosis, with a low incidence of adverse reactions, demonstrating clinical research value.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Qiangjing Decoction in treating male infertility associated with Yang deficiency, based on the ""kidney - governing reproduction"" theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and to further validate and refine the application of this theory in addressing male infertility, thereby providing substantial support for the inheritance and development of TCM theory.Methods: A total of 78 male infertility patients who were treated at our hospital between March 2021 and March 2023 were recruited and randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group using the random number table method, with 39 participants in each group. The control group received conventional treatment, while the experimental group was administered Yishen Qiangjing Decoction based on the theoretical framework of ""kidney governing reproduction"" in addition to the conventional treatment. Compare the clinical therapeutic efficacy (including TCM syndrome scores), sperm quality, and sex hormone levels between the two groups. Conduct a 24 - month follow - up to document fertility outcomes and analyze overall effectiveness.Results: The total clinical efficacy rate in the experimental group was 92.31%, which was significantly higher than the 74.36% observed in the control group (P <0.05). Following treatment, significant improvements were noted in sperm liquefaction time, normal sperm morphology rate, semen volume, sperm concentration, and progressive motility plus non - progressive motility (PR + NP) compared to pre - treatment values in both groups, with greater improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Post - treatment serum levels of follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were markedly reduced in both groups compared to baseline, with a more pronounced decrease in the experimental group relative to the control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, serum testosterone (T) and free testosterone (FT) levels increased significantly post - treatment in both groups compared to baseline, with higher levels achieved in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). The cumulative pregnancy rate at 24 months was significantly higher in spouses of the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The median time - to - pregnancy was significantly shorter among spouses of the experimental group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding live birth rates or spontaneous abortion rates among patients' spouses (P >0.05).Conclusion: Yishen Qiangjing Decoction, grounded in the theoretical framework of ""kidney - governing reproduction,"" significantly enhances the semen quality and reproductive endocrine function in male infertility patients with Yang deficiency. Through its integrated effects of ""regulating kidney - yang, promoting spermatogenesis, and assisting pregnancy,"" it also increases the natural pregnancy rate of their partners, demonstrating substantial clinical application value.