Mineral Chinese medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine.Due to resources,sources,history and other reasons,compared with the research of plant and animal medicine,the research of mineral Chinese medicine has been slow for a long time.Based on ancient materia medica,modern monographs,Chinese pharmacopoeia and domestic and foreign literature,the definition,classification,varieties,quality control,processing and analysis methods of mineral Chinese medicine were reviewed,and the main problems, research and development suggestion are put forward.The purpose is to provide reference for the sustainable utilization of mineral Chinese medicine resources,the in-depth study of mineral Chinese medicine and the promotion of the development of mineral Chinese medicine in our country.

OBJECTIVE To explore the value of pharmaceutical care for patients with CKD3-5D by resident clinical pharmacists. METHODS Clinical pharmacists in the department of nephrology and three students formed a resident pharmacists team to develop standardized pharmaceutical care procedures(including admission medication reconciliation, doctor's order review, DRPs recognition, pharmaceutical care, medication education, discharge medication reconciliation, etc.) to provide pharmaceutical care for patients with 3-5D chronic kidney disease(CKD). The basic information, disease diagnosis and drug reorganization information of patients admitted to the department of nephrology of our hospital in 2024 were collected. The classification system based on the modified version of the European Foundation for Pharmaceutical Care Network(PCNE) was used to analyze the drug related problems(DRPs) of patients for assessment, intervention and statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 141 patients were included in this study, and pharmacists found 54 DRPs, with an incidence of 38.3%. Among them, 36 cases(66.67%) were related to the effectiveness of treatment. Clinical pharmacists carried out 60 interventions, and the acceptance and complete implementation rate was 79.63%. The harmfulness grades of the 54 DRPs were as follows: 22 in grade E(40.74%), 16 in grade D(29.63%), 6 in grade C(11.11%), 6 in grade B(11.11%), and 4 in grade F(7.41%). CONCLUSION DRPs in patients with CKD3-5D are relatively common and harmful to some extent. Resident clinical pharmacists can identify and timely solve DRPs in patients with CKD3-5D through standardized pharmaceutical care, and assist physicians to ensure the safety, effectiveness and economy of drug use for patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sex-specific effects of icariin on gut microbiota in aged mice and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms on microbial diversity, community structure, and metabolic functions. METHODS Young(2-month-old) and aged(24-month-old) male/female C57BL/6J mice were orally administered icariin(100 mg·kg·d^-1) or saline for 14 days. Gut microbiota profiles were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolic pathways were predicted using KEGG annotation. RESULTS Icariin significantly increased α-diversity in aged mice(Chao1 index: +25%, P<0.05) and shifted β-diversity toward a younger-like pattern. At the phylum level, icariin reduced Bacteroidetes abundance while increasing Firmicutes(F/B ratio restored to youthful levels). Notably, Akkermansiaceae was enriched in aged female mice(4.1-fold). KEGG analysis revealed enhanced glucose metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism(3.2-fold upregulation in females). CONCLUSION Icariin ameliorates age-related gut dysbiosis in a sex-dependent manner, highlighting its potential for gender-tailored anti-aging interventions in traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the toxic mechanisms of Tripterygium wilfordii tablet(TWT) causing male mice reproductive damage and to identify detoxification targets. METHODS TWT was used to induce reproductive injury in mice. Metagenomic and metabolomics analysis were employed to perform differential analysis and functional analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites, aiming to identify the causative strains and metabolic pathways for reproductive injury, and to elucidate the mechanisms by which the microbiota and metabolites affect reproductive injury. RESULTS TWT significantly reduced the testicular index and sperm count in mice, leading to oxidative stress in testicular tissues. And TWT disrupted the gut microbiota and testicular metabolism. Supplementation with exogenous indole-3-lactic acid and Lactobacillus reuteri could regulate oxidative stress and improve testicular damage induced by TWT. CONCLUSION TWT cause reproductive damage by disrupting the gut microbiota and testicular metabolism. Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid, improve male mice reproductive damage induced by TWHF tablets by regulating oxidative stress in testicular tissues.

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of small/short interfering RNA- insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(siRNA-IGF1R) in the treatment of sorafenib-resistant liver cancer. METHODS SiRNA-IGF1R was transfected into sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and the effects of blank control, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000), siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib on the proliferation, migration and invasion of the drug-resistant cells were compared by CellTiter-Glo^® luminescent cell viability assay(CTG) detection and Transwell assay. In vivo, the mouse xenograft tumor model was constructed by drug-resistant cell line, and the tumor volume, mouse body weight, and IGF1R expression in blank control, siRNA-IGF1R, sorafenib, siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib groups were compared. RESULTS In vitro, compared with the blank control group, siRNA-NC(Lipo3000) and sorafenib alone had no effect on the proliferation, migration and invasion of sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells. SiRNA-IGF1R and siRNA-IGF1R combined with sorafenib treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2-so cells; and the combined effect of the two drugs was superior to that of siRNA-IGF1R treatment alone. In vivo, the combination of siRNA-IGF1R and sorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, outperforming the effect of siRNA-IGF1R alone, with no significant difference in mouse body weight; siRNA-IGF1R markedly reduced IGF1R expression in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION IGF1R is a target for the treatment of sorafenib resistance in liver cancer, and siRNA-IGF1R enhances the efficacy of sorafenib in the treatment of drug-resistant liver cancer by knocking down IGF1R.

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract. In China, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with approximately 44% having developed liver and lung metastases, presenting significant challenges for clinical treatment. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have shown significant efficacy in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability-high(dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC), yet they have shown limited effectiveness in patients with proficient mismatch repair or microsatellite stable(pMMR/MSS) mCRC. Further exploration into the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, the mechanism of immunotherapy resistance and other combined immunotherapy is anticipated to facilitate the transformation of “cold tumors” into “hot tumors”. This article is intended to review the research progress on the immune escape mechanism and the immunotherapy combination treatment for MSS mCRC.

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate in women. PARP inhibitors (poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, PARPi), as one of the mainstays of maintenance therapy, can significantly improve the survival rate of patients; however, with the widespread use of PARPi, PARPi resistance has become an urgent problem in the treatment process. Current studies have found that metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may affect chemoresistance in ovarian cancer through multiple mechanisms, but whether lipid metabolic reprogramming in the TME is involved in the formation of PARPi resistance is not clear. The aim of this paper is to explore the effect of lipid metabolism in TME on PARPi resistance in ovarian cancer in recent years and to analyze the possible link between it and PARPi resistance, with a view to providing new perspectives for further understanding the mechanism of PARPi resistance formation and searching for new therapeutic targets.

Long-acting injectable formulations are preferred over conventional formulations for the treatment of chronic diseases. An effort to build the relationship between an in-vivo property of a dosage form and an in-vitro response is often referred to as“in vitro-in vivo correlation” (IVIVC) analysis. This paper provides an overview of the classification, establishment and evaluation method of IVIVC. Due to long-acting injectable formulations' diverse nature, it is impractical to establish an universal IVIVC model in vitro, it is essential to develop individual IVIVC model in every study. Integrated knowledges of physicochemical, dosage form design and the interaction of the drug molecule with site of administration play important roles in the study of long-acting injectable formulations' IVIVC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of prevalent traditional Chinese medical syndromes associated with bortezomib-related peripheral neuropathy(BiPN), the efficacy of Guicao Baidu(GCBD) decoction combined with a PD(bortezomib combined with dexamethasone)-based regimen in the treatment of BiPN patients, and the likely mechanism. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 17 myeloma patients with peripheral neuropathy associated with bortezomib was conducted. Peripheral neuropathy of varying degrees was observed in these individuals following a bortezomib-based regimen administered from January 2019 to December 2023. Symptom score scale was formulated for the objective BiPN syndrome differentiation. Peripheral neuropathy was evaluated using the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events(NCI-CTCAE). GCBD decoction was administered orally. The effectiveness was assessed by looking at the visual analogue scale(VAS) score, neuroelectrophysiology, tumor treatment function evaluation/gynecological tumor group neurotoxicity subscale(FACT/GOG-Ntx) score, and NCI-CTCAE grade. The possible ingredients and targets of GCBD decoction in intervening BiPN were then predictd using mass spectrometry analysis and network pharmacology approaches. Molecular docking technology was utilized to confirm the binding activity between GCBD decoction's components and targets, while gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) enrichment analysis were employed to investigate its mode of action. Furthermore, nerve growth factor(NGF)-induced PC12 cells were employed to generate a BiPN cell model. By assessing cell viability, reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels, neurite length, apoptosis levels, mitochondrial number, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic protein expression, and mitochondrial translocation of BAX, the therapeutic mechanism of GCBD decoction was identified. RESULTS The syndrome differentiation types of BiPN patients were characterized mostly by qi and blood shortage, yang deficiency, cold coagulation, and blood stasis. GCBD decoction substantially reduced BiPN, peripheral neuropathy(PN) grade, FACT score, and VAS score(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Network pharmacology analysis obtained 3541 potential targets for GCBD decoction to interfere with BiPN, among which apoptotic proteins such as BCL2-Associated X (BAX), P53, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and Caspase-3 (CASP3) were the core targets. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that one of the key pathways through which GCBD decoction intervened in BiPN was mitochondrial apoptosis. It was shown by molecular docking that several GCBD decoction monomers exhibited strong docking activity with the mitochondrial apoptotic proteins BAX, BCL-2, and CASP3. CONCLUSION This study preliminarily explors the TCM syndrome differentiation of BiPN patients, reveals the mechanism of GCBD decoction in inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and improving BiPN, and provids new ideas for reducing the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To establish UPLC fingerprint of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan, identify the compounds of common peaks by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology, determine antioxidant activity of each batch and study the relationship between effects of antioxidant and spectrum of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan. METHODS The fingerprints of 22 batches of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan were drawn and evaluated by the the Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint (2012 edition), and the common peaks were calibrated. The antioxidant activity of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan was investigated by using the free radical scavenging rate of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) free radical scavenging rate as the antioxidant index. The spectral effect relationship between chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan was analyzed by grey correlation degree and partial least squares regression. RESULTS The fingerprints of 22 batches of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan from different batchs were established, and the similarity was 0.892-0.995. Cluster analysis can distinguish rhizome with mother root, root and rhizome. Seventeen common peaks were identified by comparison of reference materials and UPLC-MS analysis. The DPPH free radical and ABTS free radical scavenging experiments showed that 22 batches of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan had antioxidant capacity, and the grey correlation analysis showed that shionone had the highest correlation degree. Combined with partial least squares regression analysis, it was preliminarily confirmed that rutin, ferulic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, astin A, quercetin, perillen and shionone were the main components of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan with antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION In this study, the fingerprint and antioxidant activity spectrum effect relationship of Aster tataricus cv. Qiziwan are successfully established, which can provide reference for the pharmacodynamic material basis research and quality control of Aster tataricus cv.Qiziwan.