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Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the digestive tract. In China, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, with approximately 44% having developed liver and lung metastases, presenting significant challenges for clinical treatment. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have shown significant efficacy in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability-high(dMMR/MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC), yet they have shown limited effectiveness in patients with proficient mismatch repair or microsatellite stable(pMMR/MSS) mCRC. Further exploration into the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, the mechanism of immunotherapy resistance and other combined immunotherapy is anticipated to facilitate the transformation of “cold tumors” into “hot tumors”. This article is intended to review the research progress on the immune escape mechanism and the immunotherapy combination treatment for MSS mCRC.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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