Generative artificial intelligence technology is profoundly affecting the field of landscape planning and design, bringing new opportunities and challenges to knowledge production and planning and design practice. The research is based on the difference between landscape planning and design practice before and after the intervention of artificial intelligence. Firstly, the development process of artificial intelligence in three key application scenarios of simulation prediction, scheme generation, and design evaluation is deeply analyzed. 1) Artificial intelligence in simulation and prediction scenarios is mainly used in dynamic simulation of landscape pattern, prediction of spatial pattern evolution, scene simulation, etc., to help predict the future development trend of landscape, which is usually in the current situation and problem analysis stage in the early stage of planning and design. From the initial empirical prediction of the urban dynamics model to the machine prediction stage of the analytical artificial intelligence stage. 2) In the context of scheme generation, artificial intelligence is mainly used in the rapid generation of spatial layout schemes, such as landscape plane generation and landscape rendering, which is usually in the mid-term scheme proposal stage of planning and design. With the evolution of artificial intelligence from non-intelligent tools to generative artificial intelligence, scheme generation has also achieved a leap from auxiliary drawing to generative design. 3) In the context of design evaluation, artificial intelligence is mainly used in landscape performance evaluation, landscape visual quality evaluation, landscape perception evaluation, etc., to help designers evaluate and improve planning and design schemes. It is usually in the early stage of planning and design, and the later stage of performance evaluation. Artificial intelligence tools have evolved from the earliest expert system to data-driven evaluation. Secondly, based on the time period theory and the subject-object dichotomy theory, an analytical framework is proposed to dialectically view the three roles of artificial intelligence of knowledge production in landscape planning and design practice: from the short-term perspective of technological and product innovation, human beings as the main body of planning and design practice, and generative artificial intelligence can be regarded as "servants"; from the medium-term perspective of industry change, generative artificial intelligence, as the main body of planning and design practice, has become an "opponent" under the negative impact of technology; from the long-term perspective of knowledge production and social communication change, when both are subjects, generative artificial intelligence can be regarded as a "partner". The importance of building a new model of human-machine collaboration is further emphasized, and a knowledge production model of landscape planning and design based on human-machine collaboration is proposed. Finally, the future development and challenges of artificial intelligence in the production of practical knowledge of landscape planning and design are prospectively discussed. It is still a big challenge for generative artificial intelligence to participate in the interdisciplinary and local knowledge production of landscape planning and design, and the knowledge production in the teaching and research of landscape planning and design. In the face of the new trend of knowledge production mode change brought by artificial intelligence, we should understand it from the perspective of knowledge production mode change, ideology and methodology evolution, and examine landscape planning and design practice and subject knowledge system with a new problem domain. Further thinking about the role and responsibility of artificial intelligence and planning designers in landscape planning and design practice, and how to better integrate the collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence to create more value.

This study delves into the intricate mechanisms by which park landscape elements and their combinations exert influence on the heart rate and speed of individuals engaged in fitness walking, taking into account diverse demographic attributes and various types of walking activities. In modern society, as more people turn to park walking for fitness, understanding these mechanisms is of utmost importance for optimizing park design and promoting healthy lifestyles. By uncovering these relationships, the research endeavors to offer well-founded scientific recommendations for the planning and design of park pathways that are highly suitable for fitness walking. This, in turn, will assist individuals with different fitness requirements to make informed and rational choices when selecting park walking routes. The research methodology was comprehensive and systematic. First, advanced web scraping techniques were utilized to gather user data from the Strava platform. This data pertained to individuals who had recorded fitness walking activities within Shanghai Century Park. It included detailed personal characteristics such as gender, age, and weight, as well as crucial exercise metrics like heart rate and speed. Second, an on-site field photography campaign was carried out at Century Park. High-resolution landscape images were captured, and then semantic segmentation technology was applied. This technology was crucial in precisely identifying and quantifying 17 distinct landscape elements, ranging from natural elements like water bodies and mountains to man-made elements such as benches and pavilions. Subsequently, the participants were carefully categorized into multiple groups based on gender, age, weight, and the specific type of walking activity, whether it was a leisurely walk or a brisk run. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis was meticulously carried out to explore the quantitative relationships between heart rate, speed, and the 17 landscape elements across all the different groups. The analysis yielded several significant findings. Firstly, it was discovered that the impact of the same landscape element on the physiological indicators of walkers varied minimally between genders. This implies that in park pathway planning and design, there is no need for gender-specific adjustments to landscape elements. Secondly, landscape combinations dominated by sky, herbaceous plants, and trees were shown to be highly effective in stabilizing the heart rate of elderly individuals during walking. The serene and comfortable environment created by these combinations helps the elderly maintain a steady physiological state. Thirdly, semi-enclosed pathways dominated by trees were found to be more effective in increasing the heart rate and speed of individuals with higher body weight. These paths add an element of spatial interest and a mild challenge, which encourages greater exercise engagement. Fourthly, natural-style routes featuring pedestrian pathways supplemented by trees and sky elements were more suitable for walking, while paths with a larger sky view, minimal tree obstruction, and greater width were better for running. This provides clear guidance for individuals to choose the most appropriate routes based on their walking activities. In conclusion, the findings of this study offer targeted and practical recommendations for the planning and design of park pathways. When designing park pathways, it is essential to fully consider the diverse needs associated with different demographic attributes and types of walking activities. By rationally configuring landscape elements and their combinations, the suitability of park pathways for fitness walking can be significantly improved. This will ultimately contribute to promoting scientific and healthy walking practices among a wide range of population groups, enhancing the overall well - being of park visitors.

To screen herbaceous plants that are adaptable to and conducive to stabilizing ecologically fragile garden slopes, this study selected 9 commonly used herbaceous slope-protection plants from Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, a renowned mountain scenic spot in South China, and conducted tests on the shear strength, anti-scourability, and anti-erosion resistance of their root-soil composites. The results showed that all the tested plants could effectively improve slope stability, and the ranking of their comprehensive soil-fixing efficiency was as follows: Axonopus compressus > Arrhenatherum elatius 'Variegatum' > Calathea insignis>Wedelia trilobata > Hymenocallis littoralis >Hemerocallis fulva > Nephrolepis cordifolia > Ruellia simplex > Pilea notata. In terms of specific performance indicators reflecting different aspects of soil stability, Arrhenatherum elatius 'Variegatum', Hymenocallis littoralis, and Nephrolepis cordifolia had the highest shear strength in the upper soil layer; Arrhenatherum elatius 'Variegatum', Hymenocallis littoralis, and Calathea insignis exhibited the best performance in the shear strength of the lower soil layer; in terms of anti-scourability, Axonopus compressus, Wedelia trilobata, and Hemerocallis fulva showed the optimal performance; meanwhile, Calathea insignis, Ruellia simplex, and Hemerocallis fulva demonstrated the strongest anti-erosion resistance. The comprehensive evaluation based on all test indicators indicated that Axonopus compressus, Arrhenatherum elatius 'Variegatum', Calathea insignis, Wedelia trilobata, and Hymenocallis littoralis are highly suitable as excellent slope-protection plants for garden slopes in Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area and South China. To accurately quantify the relative contribution rate of each evaluation index to the overall soil-fixing effect, the entropy weight method was adopted to measure the contribution degree of each index. The results revealed that the contribution rates followed the order: anti-scourability (33.44%) > upper-layer shear strength (26.03%) > lower-layer shear strength (21.31%) > anti-erosion resistance (19.22%), indicating that the importance of different indicators varied. The upper and lower-layer shear strengths are the core indicators reflecting the mechanical effects of root-soil composites, with the contribution rate of upper-layer shear strength being higher than that of the lower layer, while anti-scourability and anti-erosion resistance are the key indicators characterizing hydrological effects. Both mechanical and hydrological effects play significant and indispensable roles in the soil-fixing function of slope-protection plants. It is worth noting that the cumulative contribution rate of hydrological effect indicators reached 52.66%, which was equivalent to that of mechanical effect indicators (47.34%). Correlation analysis further revealed that there was a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) among upper-layer shear strength, lower-layer shear strength, and anti-erosion resistance, while anti-scourability was only highly significantly correlated with anti-erosion resistance (P<0.01). These findings collectively indicate that there is a clear synergistic mechanism between mechanical and hydrological effects during the soil-fixing process of slope-protection plants, and provide important theoretical support for the scientific selection of slope-protection plants in South China.

The construction of the natural protected area (NPA) system is a fundamental component of China's ecological civilization initiative, yet the spatial alignment between existing NPAs and regional key ecological spaces remains poorly defined, leading to exacerbated habitat isolation and landscape fragmentation. This study focuses on the Fuchun River Basin, a region covering 3,829.15 km² and spanning nine districts - including Yuhang, Xiaoshan, and Fuyang - characterized by significant ecological value and rapid urbanization. Facing the challenges of increasingly fragmented ecological land and intense human-land contradictions, this research aims to identify protection gaps and optimize the spatial configuration of NPAs by constructing a comprehensive regional ecological network. The study integrates diverse quantitative methods to ensure scientific rigor: the InVEST model was first employed to evaluate four key ecosystem services, specifically water yield, soil conservation, carbon sequestration, and habitat quality. Simultaneously, cultural services were quantified through a Python-based accessibility analysis of recreation points using Gaode Map API data to account for the "intangible" value of the landscape. Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) was subsequently applied to identify core landscape patches, and 25 ecological sources totaling 557.39 km² (representing 14.56% of the basin) were selected based on a patch importance index (dPC) threshold of greater than 0.5. To develop a scientific resistance surface, Spatial Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) was utilized to determine the weights of seven resistance factors - including elevation, slope, land cover, NDVI, and proximity to railways and roads - effectively eliminating data redundancy and avoiding the subjectivity of manual weighting. Utilizing circuit theory and the linkage mapper tool, the study extracted 54 ecological corridors with a total length of 684.55 km and a combined area of 632.80 km². Furthermore, the research identified 114 critical ecological pinch points covering 8.61 km², which represent high-current density areas indispensable for maintaining regional connectivity and species flow. Spatial overlay analysis revealed significant mismatches between current conservation efforts and ecological needs: within the 650.56 km² of existing NPAs, only 173.86 km² (26.89%) overlapped with identified ecological sources, and 114.60 km² (17.62%) coincided with ecological corridors. Notably, ten key ecological sources were found to be entirely independent of the current NPA system, highlighting major protection gaps. Based on these findings, a three-tier spatial optimization framework is proposed: first, the designation of Strict Protection Zones (280 km²) at the intersection of the ecological network and existing NPAs, where human interference is strictly prohibited and buffer zones are established to maintain stable natural succession; second, the identification of Ecological Restoration Zones (370 km²) in areas where ecosystem services are degraded, requiring near-natural restoration, agricultural remediation, and restricted development; and third, the delimitation of Potential Protection Zones (386.73 km²) to incorporate high-value sources and pinch points currently lacking protection by merging adjacent areas or establishing "stepping stones" for migrating species. This study adopts a systemic ecological network perspective to provide scientific evidence and categorized management suggestions for NPA integration under the "One Map" territorial planning framework, offering profound practical guidance for enhancing regional ecological stability.

Addressing the Land-Sea Coordination plan and the development of resilient cities, the systematic identification and dynamic evaluation of damaged coastal landscape areas have increasingly emerged as critical concerns for the high-quality advancement of coastal city landscapes in China. Damaged space, which exhibits clear signs of problems such as reduced function, weakened structure, and lower health in coastal landscapes, is the primary target for assessing the quality and strength of urban coastal areas. In recent years, mechanisms for evaluating environmental quality, exemplified by Urban Physical Examination, have been progressively and comprehensively refined. These identified mechanisms may offer technical support for the identification, assessment, and management of degraded landscape areas and facilitate the transition of coastal landscape research from static evaluation to systematic diagnosis and targeted governance. Despite the rapid advancement of spatial analysis and prediction technologies, it is of paramount importance to develop quantitative, parameterized methods and tools tailored to the needs of damaged landscapes. This development is essential for the precise identification, characterization, and analysis of coastal landscape damage, as well as for effectively interpreting driving mechanisms and ultimately improving the efficacy of decision-making in urban coastal landscape regulation strategies. This study addresses current challenges in research on damaged coastal landscapes, including insufficient systematic analysis, incomplete identification systems, low simulation accuracy, and unclear regulatory strategies. This study integrates landscape resilience theory with existing research in landscape ecology. The researcher concentrates explicitly on elucidating the dynamic evolution patterns inherent in coastal city landscapes and seeks to establish a robust technical framework for the identification and representation of damaged coastal landscape spaces. Regarding the research methodology, the PLUS model is adopted to develop a dynamic simulation and representation analysis system that is specifically designed for landscape degradation. By leveraging GIS platforms to integrate land-use transfer matrix analysis and spatial autocorrelation techniques, this study distills core degradation trends and reveals spatial aggregation patterns. Additionally, it incorporates both single-factor and interaction-detection algorithms from geographic detector models to conduct precise identification, dynamic simulation, and mechanistic analysis of degradation spaces within urban coastal landscapes. In terms of empirical investigation, the researcher specifically selected the coastal zone of Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province to conduct a representative case study. Specifically, landscape-type data spanning 2010-2020, together with a comprehensive database of natural and socio-economic driving factors, were used for the assessment. The PLUS model and geographic detector were employed to simulate and analyze the evolutionary trajectories and spatial clustering characteristics of degraded areas. The analytical process then examined the pathways of landscape transformation and assessed the impacts of various driving processes. The empirical findings of this study reveal that damaged landscape areas within the study region exhibit a general spatial pattern characterized by aggregation along the coastline and expansion toward the interior. Specific locales, including coastal wetlands, reclaimed land areas, and the peripheries of urban expansion zones, are identified as notably high-value clusters of landscape degradation. Among natural landscape types, forests and wetlands have undergone considerable damage. The results from factor detection indicate that vegetation cover scale, climatic temperature conditions, population density, and land-use changes are the primary determinants of the evolution of degraded areas. These factors demonstrate not only significant individual explanatory power but also notable synergistic effects and interactive influences. Consequently, restoration and rehabilitation initiatives should be executed in a scientifically coordinated manner. In addition, strategic focus should be directed towards the multi-level governance of affected landscape areas and the integrated management of the principal driving variables and their interaction mechanisms. This paper presents a methodological framework for identifying and representing damaged coastal landscapes using the PLUS model. This framework allows researchers to perform accurate detection and simulation of damaged areas by integrating multi-source spatiotemporal data. Apart from that, the proposed approach offers robust technical support for the systematic diagnosis and strategic spatial planning of urban coastal landscapes. Furthermore, this paper provides a replicable methodological reference for future practices in landscape assessment, monitoring, and regulatory decision-making. The study results can also offer contributions to the broader goals of sustainable coastal zone management and resilient urban development.

Under the global aspiration for carbon neutrality, enhancing urban carbon sink capacity has become an increasingly critical focus for nations worldwide. As urbanization continues at an unprecedented pace globally, the rapid expansion of cities has led to notable changes in land use patterns and increased habitat fragmentation, thereby exerting profound impacts on regional carbon balances. The development and optimization of ecological networks have emerged as vital strategies for safeguarding ecological security and promoting sustainable development. In recent years, an expanding body of research has demonstrated that ecological network construction is closely linked to the enhancement of urban ecosystems' carbon sequestration capacities, confirming that it is an effective approach to achieving the overarching goal of global carbon neutrality. The cities within the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), a prominent emblem of China's modernization, exemplify typical conflicts between urban expansion and ecological preservation. These conflicts highlight the urgency of adopting integrated ecological planning to reconcile urban growth with ecological integrity. In this context, the present study selects Suzhou, a key city in the YRD, as a case to investigate ecological network construction and optimization. Employing the mainstream "ecological source areas-ecological resistance surface-ecological corridors" framework, the research identifies critical ecological sources through morphological spatial pattern analysis and landscape connectivity indices. 8 factors - including dem, slope, NDVI, population density, land use, land cover, and so on - are incorporated to comprehensively evaluate landscape resistance. Using a least-cost path model, a combined ecological resistance surface is developed to quantify landscape resistance. Building upon this, core ecological corridors are extracted utilizing circuit theory and gravity models, enabling the identification of key pathways for ecological flow and connectivity. These corridors form the backbone of Suzhou's ecological network system, designed to enhance habitat connectivity and ecological stability. Subsequently, complex network theory is introduced to model the ecological topological network of Suzhou, facilitating an analysis of its structural features and their relationship with carbon sequestration capacity. Metrics such as degree centrality, clustering coefficient, and eigenvector centrality are employed to examine the network's topological roles and their influence on ecological function. The analysis reveals that Suzhou's ecological network exhibits typical water-network spatial characteristics, with primary source habitats mainly comprising lakes and forests. Ecological corridors are predominantly aligned along urban rivers and tributaries, yet the spatial distribution of ecological resources displays a notable imbalance. Correlation analyses demonstrate that the carbon sequestration capacity of ecological sources is significantly positively related to network characteristics such as degree, clustering coefficient, and eigenvector centrality. Improving these metrics - by adding ecological "stepping stones" and expanding corridors - proves effective in enhancing the network's overall carbon sequestration function. Based on the above findings, the study proposes a series of ecological network optimization strategies aimed at ecological function restoration and carbon sequestration capacity enhancement. Notably, 11 ecological stepping stones and 15 new corridors are incorporated into the network. Robustness assessments - evaluating the network's resilience and attack tolerance - show that the optimized network demonstrates higher stability and resistance against disturbances, confirming the scientific validity and practical feasibility of the optimization approach. These results validate that targeted ecological network modifications can enhance its resilience and carbon sequestration capacity. The study's outcome highlights that Suzhou's ecological network embodies a water-centric spatial pattern, with key ecological sources mainly being lakes and forests, and corridors predominantly along rivers. Although the spatial distribution of ecological resources remains uneven, targeted interventions through adding stepping stones and corridors can significantly enhance the network's carbon sequestration ability. The research aims to deepen understanding of the spatial relationship between ecological topological structures and carbon sequestration capacity, providing a scientific foundation for ecological network optimization centered on ecological function recovery and carbon storage enhancement. Overall, this study offers valuable insights for optimizing urban ecological networks in water-rich cities, with significant implications for regional ecological resilience, biodiversity conservation, and carbon sink functions. The findings hold important theoretical and practical significance for advancing urban ecological planning and contributing to the broader goals of ecological security and climate change mitigation.

The maze represents a significant spatial typology within the formal gardens of Western classicism. Its formal origins can be traced back to choreographic ritual symbols from antiquity, which later frequently appeared as sacred geometric patterns in medieval religious spaces, and ultimately evolved into a spatial feature within aristocratic gardens during the Renaissance. Although diverse cultural types of maze spaces existed across different periods and regions in the West, they all share commonalities in spatial formal composition and experiential engagement. Post-Renaissance garden mazes transformed these planar formal commonalities into three-dimensional labyrinthine spaces that offer more profound landscape experiences. Drawing upon materials such as mythology, dance, painting, architecture, and garden imagery, and employing research methodologies including iconology, cross-referencing of historical, sources, and diagrammatic analysis, this study examines the constitutive mechanisms of maze spatial forms from three perspectives: the origins and evolution, typological variations, and essential components of Western maze culture. It interprets the historical, conceptual, and the significance of spatial experience inherent in the maze. The research aims to provide specific design references for contemporary landscape practice and to contribute to deepening the comparative study of Chinese and Western gardens, particularly regarding the cultural experience and perception of this distinctive spatial type. The maze's foundational form derives from ancient ritual dances, where patterned movements inscribed symbolic trajectories onto the ground, serving as early spatial representations of cosmological or spiritual narratives. During the medieval period, these forms were assimilated into Christian contexts, most notably as pavement labyrinths in cathedrals, such as the renowned example at Chartres. These functioned as sites for symbolic pilgrimage, condensing a spiritual journey into a compact, contemplative physical path. The transition to the Renaissance witnessed the secularization and aestheticization of the maze. Integrated into the elaborate designs of expansive gardens, such as those at the Villa d'Este or Hampton Court, it became an instrument of courtly leisure, allegory, and demonstration of humanist control over nature. The spatial experience shifted from devotional meditation to one of amusement, disorientation, and eventual discovery, often imbued with metaphorical meanings related to love, fate, or knowledge. Despite varying contextual interpretations - sacred, symbolic, or recreational - the core formal principle of the maze remained a single, non-branching but intricately coiling path leading to a center. This unicursal model emphasizes process and journey over puzzle-solving. However, later developments, especially the hedge maze, introduced multicursal layouts with dead ends and choices, thereby emphasizing confusion, decision-making, and playful challenge. This evolution from a unicursal ritual path to a multicursal recreational puzzle marks a significant shift in spatial experience. The study analyzes the maze's formal constituents: the path (its width, texture, and modulation by planting or walls), the nodal points (turns, decision points, or centers), and the vertical boundaries (hedges, walls, or terraces) that define the sensory experience of enclosure, revelation, and surprise. The interaction between the predetermined geometry of the plan and the kinesthetic, perceptual, and psychological experience of the user is central to its spatial mechanism. In conclusion, the Western maze constitutes a rich palimpsest of cultural meanings encoded in spatial form. By deciphering its historical layers and operational logic, this research seeks to abstract transferable principles of path sequencing, perceptual manipulation, and narrative spatialization. These insights can inform contemporary landscape architecture, offering strategies for creating immersive, sequential, and meaningful spatial journeys. Furthermore, a structured understanding of the maze provides a concrete framework for cross-cultural comparison, illuminating how different traditions conceive of, design, and experience manipulated ritual or recreational pathways, thereby enriching the discourse on global garden history and spatial culture.

From 1904 to 1929, Donald MacGregor, a landscape designer trained at the Royal Kew Gardens in the UK, served as the Superintendent of Parks and Open Spaces of the Shanghai International Settlement. MacGregor's tenure in Shanghai marked a pivotal period in the development of the city's public green spaces, and his contributions were instrumental in shaping the city's early landscape architecture. By introducing modern landscape design notions, developing professional nurseries, and establishing a professional management and gardening workforce, MacGregor played a crucial role in the development of a systematic green space network. This research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of MacGregor's impact on the establishment and evolution of the green space system in the early 20th century, examining both his professional background and the various ways in which his efforts transformed the city's public parks and open spaces. This study is based on an in-depth review of archival materials from the Kew Gardens Archives, the Shanghai Municipal Archives, and a range of online databases. These sources offer original documents and records that provide valuable insights into MacGregor's professional education and early career in the UK, as well as his work in Shanghai. The research not only examines MacGregor's contributions to landscape design and park planning, but also explores his influence on nursery development, road greening projects, and team management within the context of the Shanghai International Settlement. By analyzing MacGregor's work from his education in the UK to his key achievements in Shanghai, the research seeks to clarify the significant impact he had on the city's green space system, which laid the foundation for modern urban landscaping in Shanghai. The study highlights several key areas of MacGregor's contributions, focusing on the following major aspects: his innovative landscape design, the establishment and management of nurseries for plant cultivation, the planting of roadside greenery, and the formation of a multinational management team responsible for overseeing the green spaces. Each of these areas is examined in depth, alongside evaluations and assessments from contemporary government officials, professional institutions, and MacGregor's peers. These endorsements not only reflect the high regard in which MacGregor's work was held but also underscore the lasting impact he had on the development of Shanghai's green infrastructure. In conclusion, this study argues that Donald MacGregor's contributions to the development of the green space system were transformative and far-reaching. His professional expertise, innovative design principles, and managerial skills helped to shape the city's urban landscape and laid the foundation for the development of modern urban parks and green spaces in Shanghai. His legacy as a pioneer of early 20th-century landscape architecture in Shanghai has left an indelible mark on the city, and his work continues to be an important reference point for landscape designers and urban planners today. His work remains an essential part of Shanghai's urban heritage and serves as a reminder of the importance of thoughtful and sustainable urban greening.

The cognitive process of Chinese gardens in the West is like a painting of ups and downs. With the changes of the times and the evolution of communication channels, it has gone through a tortuous process from praise to criticism, and finally returned to rationality. In this long and complex journey of cognition, the turning point of the early 20th century was particularly crucial. With the specialized investigation of architectural art and the widespread application of photography technology, the Western academic community opened a new chapter in the study of Chinese gardens, and a series of garden monographs emerged one after another. Among them, Florence Lee Powell's In the Chinese Garden became a brilliant pearl in the history of cross-cultural communication with its unique perspective and presentation. This paper aims to deeply analyze the unique position and value of the book In the Chinese Garden in the Western understanding of Chinese gardens from the perspective of cross-cultural communication, by examining the author's life, writing purpose, discourse structure, discourse style, and the use of photographs. By examining the research of Florence Lee Powell, we can have a more comprehensive, fair, and objective understanding of the profound cultural heritage of Chinese gardens. Florence Lee Powell, a foreign teacher with an infinite passion for Chinese culture, was deeply attracted to Chinese culture during her teaching period at Suzhou Jinghai Women's Normal School in 1926, and began to explore and record Chinese gardens in depth. She captured the beauty of Suzhou Lingering Garden and Lion Grove Garden with her feminine delicacy and sensitivity, engraving every detail of these two classic gardens into the memory of history. In 1943, she compiled these precious images and profound insights into a formal book for publication. This work is not only a heartfelt tribute to Chinese garden art, but also a successful practice in cross-cultural dialogue, opening a unique window for Western readers to explore the beauty of Chinese gardens. In terms of discourse structure, In the Chinese Garden demonstrates a rigorous academic style and clear logical clues. At the beginning, Florence Lee Powell sincerely explained the original intention and historical background of writing this book, laying a guiding stone for readers to reach the hall of Chinese classical garden art. Subsequently, as an almost tour guide, she led readers to explore the deep secrets of the Lingering Garden and Lion Grove Garden step by step according to the actual tour route. The clever combination of floor plans and sequence photos in the book makes readers feel as if they are walking among the gardens themselves. They can not only intuitively feel the ingenuity and harmony of the garden layout, but also understand the profound cultural connotations and symbolic meanings behind each scenery through delicate and meticulous textual explanations. This narrative strategy, which combines graphics and text, greatly enhances the readability and attractiveness of books, providing Western readers with an unprecedented perspective to understand and appreciate the subtleties of Chinese garden art. In the application and analysis of photos, Florence Lee Powell demonstrated extraordinary aesthetic insight. She is skilled in using central composition techniques, cleverly utilizing doors, windows, doorways, and even natural branches in the garden as the framework of the picture, not only guiding the viewer's visual focus, but also endowing the photo with deeper aesthetic connotations. By accurately capturing the details of the garden, whether it is the intricate textures on the rockery, the exquisite patterns on the leaky windows, or even the delicate tiles on the roof, they are all recorded one by one by Florence Lee Powell's lens, allowing Western readers to experience the delicacy and delicacy of Chinese gardens up close, as if crossing time and space, and personally touching the physical objects that carry heavy historical and cultural memories, experiencing a spiritual baptism and cultural exploration. The innovative value of In the Chinese Garden is not only reflected in filling the gap in Western research on the Chinese landscape system, but more importantly, as a successful case of cross-cultural communication, it provides valuable methodological inspiration for later scholars and researchers. The combination of sequential photography and textual description used in the book not only deepens the Western world's understanding and appreciation of Chinese garden art, but also opens up new paths for the fields of garden photography, recording, and analysis. This work builds a bridge connecting Eastern and Western cultures through its unique discourse logic and rich visual materials, promoting mutual understanding and respect between the two civilizations. To this day, In the Chinese Garden still shines with its immortal academic brilliance and cultural value. The photos in the book, as precious historical witnesses, not only provide intuitive visual materials for scholars to study the historical evolution of Chinese gardens, but also provide important references for the protection, restoration, and inheritance of modern gardens. In the wave of globalization, we must cherish and inherit this cultural treasure that transcends national borders, so that the unique charm of Chinese gardens can continue to shine on the stage of world culture and become a common spiritual wealth of all mankind.