This study delves into the intricate mechanisms by which park landscape elements and their combinations exert influence on the heart rate and speed of individuals engaged in fitness walking, taking into account diverse demographic attributes and various types of walking activities. In modern society, as more people turn to park walking for fitness, understanding these mechanisms is of utmost importance for optimizing park design and promoting healthy lifestyles. By uncovering these relationships, the research endeavors to offer well-founded scientific recommendations for the planning and design of park pathways that are highly suitable for fitness walking. This, in turn, will assist individuals with different fitness requirements to make informed and rational choices when selecting park walking routes. The research methodology was comprehensive and systematic. First, advanced web scraping techniques were utilized to gather user data from the Strava platform. This data pertained to individuals who had recorded fitness walking activities within Shanghai Century Park. It included detailed personal characteristics such as gender, age, and weight, as well as crucial exercise metrics like heart rate and speed. Second, an on-site field photography campaign was carried out at Century Park. High-resolution landscape images were captured, and then semantic segmentation technology was applied. This technology was crucial in precisely identifying and quantifying 17 distinct landscape elements, ranging from natural elements like water bodies and mountains to man-made elements such as benches and pavilions. Subsequently, the participants were carefully categorized into multiple groups based on gender, age, weight, and the specific type of walking activity, whether it was a leisurely walk or a brisk run. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis was meticulously carried out to explore the quantitative relationships between heart rate, speed, and the 17 landscape elements across all the different groups. The analysis yielded several significant findings. Firstly, it was discovered that the impact of the same landscape element on the physiological indicators of walkers varied minimally between genders. This implies that in park pathway planning and design, there is no need for gender-specific adjustments to landscape elements. Secondly, landscape combinations dominated by sky, herbaceous plants, and trees were shown to be highly effective in stabilizing the heart rate of elderly individuals during walking. The serene and comfortable environment created by these combinations helps the elderly maintain a steady physiological state. Thirdly, semi-enclosed pathways dominated by trees were found to be more effective in increasing the heart rate and speed of individuals with higher body weight. These paths add an element of spatial interest and a mild challenge, which encourages greater exercise engagement. Fourthly, natural-style routes featuring pedestrian pathways supplemented by trees and sky elements were more suitable for walking, while paths with a larger sky view, minimal tree obstruction, and greater width were better for running. This provides clear guidance for individuals to choose the most appropriate routes based on their walking activities. In conclusion, the findings of this study offer targeted and practical recommendations for the planning and design of park pathways. When designing park pathways, it is essential to fully consider the diverse needs associated with different demographic attributes and types of walking activities. By rationally configuring landscape elements and their combinations, the suitability of park pathways for fitness walking can be significantly improved. This will ultimately contribute to promoting scientific and healthy walking practices among a wide range of population groups, enhancing the overall well - being of park visitors.