To combine the chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy in one system, the micelles (ID-M) that co-loaded the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) were prepared and characterized. The anti-tumor effects of ID-M in vitro were further investigated.

An ultrasound dialysis method was used to prepare the micelles containing ICG and DOX (ID-M), while the single-encapsulated ICG micelles (I-M) and the single-encapsulated DOX micelles (D-M) were prepared using the same method as the controls. The particle size, Zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug release behaviors of the micelles were measured. In addition, the anti-tumor effects and mechanism of ID-M in 4T1 cells were investigated.

The average hydrated diameter of ID-M particles was 80.4 nm with negative charge, and the coefficient of the particle size dispersion was 0.252 (<0.3). The encapsulation efficiency of ICG and DOX in ID-M were 92.5% and 96.8%, respectively. The results of the temperature warming testing under irradiation of ID-M solution reached (36.5±1.1) ℃. The release experiment of ID-M in vitro showed a significant sustained-release effect. Cell experiment proved that the uptake of 4T1 cells for ID-M was nearly 2 times higher than that for free drugs. The IC₅₀ of ID-M inhibiting the growth of 4T1 cells with irradiation was 0.72 μg·mL^-1, which was 3.6-fold lower than that of free ICG/DOX. Before light exposure, ID-M was mainly located in the lysosome. However, after light exposure, the ROS levels in the cells were increased due to the existence of ICG in ID-M, which damaged the lysosomal membrane and made DOX in ID-M enter to the nucleus to play a chemotherapeutic effect.

In this study, the micelles (ID-M) with synergistic antitumor effects of phototherapy and chemotherapy were successfully prepared.

To establish the UPLC fingerprints and multi-components content determination method of Cistanches herba formula granules and ultrafine granular power, and to provide a basis for their quality evaluation.

The separation was achieved by using a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column via gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water. The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 235 nm; the column temperature was 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL.

The UPLC fingerprints of Cistanches herba formula granules and ultrafine granular power were established, in which 10 common peaks were determined, and 6 components of geniposidic acid, caffeic acid, echinacoside, acteoside, tubuloside A, and isoacteoside were identified. The contents of these 6 components were determined. Using the developed method, the components were well separated, and had wide linear ranges with good linear relationships. The stability, repeatability and recovery rate met the requirements. Using cluster analysis and principal component analysis methods, Cistanches herba formula granules and ultrafine granular power can be distinguighed and identified.

The UPLC fingerprints combined with multi-components content determination method are simple, accurate, and reproducible. It can quickly identify the formula granules and ultrafine granular power of Cistanches herba and evaluate their internal quality, providing a method reference for improving the quality control of formula granules and ultrafine granular power of Cistanches herba.

To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS method) for determination the contents of 5-methyl isoquinoline sulfonic acid (impurity A) and 5-ethyl isoquinoline sulfonic acid (impurity C) which are genotoxic impurities in fashudil hydrochloride.

The LC-MS/MS method was achieved by a Waters Symmetry C₁₈(100 mm×3 mm, 3.5 μm) column utilizing a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min^-1. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, the injection volume was 10 μL. The electrospray was operated with the source ESI under positive ionization scanning mode, and data were collected and analyzed.

Standard curves of impurity A and impurity C have a good linear relationship in the linear range. The limits of detection were 0.2 and 0.02 ng·mL^-1, respectively, and the average recovery range was 93.0%~98.0%, RSD<4.67%(n=9). The RSDs of precision, accuracy, stability and durability tests were all less than 10.0%. Impurities A and C in the 3 batches of fashudil hydrochloride were not detected.

The established method was fast, accurate and reproducible, which could be used for the control of genotoxic impurities A and C in fashudil hydrochloride.

Ranibizumab prevents the formation of new blood vessels and reduces blood vessel permeability via inhibiting vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF). In clinical, it is mainly used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD). In this study, the safety, effectiveness and economics of ranibizumab in the treatment of wAMD were evaluated in order to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical rational use.

Databases were systematically searched, including Pubmed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and CMB, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literatures were screened, the data were extracted, and then qualitative analysis on the results was conducted by 2 researchers separately.

17 Meta-analyses and 27 pharmacoeconomic studies were included. The results showed that the clinical effectiveness of ranibizumab in the treatment of wAMD was similar to bevacizumab, conbercept and aflibercept. However, compared with the combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the single use of ranibizumab had more benefit in improving patients' vision, especially on BCVA. In terms of safety, ranibizumab is safer than bevacizumab. Ranibizumab appeared significantly more cost-effective than the usual treatments, pegaptanib and PDT, while it is not cost-effective compared with bevacizumab, aflibercept and conbercept.

In the treatment of wAMD, ranibizumab has no significant advantage over other clinically available drugs in effectiveness, but higher safety than bevacizumab, and lower economical than bevacizumab, aflibercept and conbercept.