To explore the associations between caregivers' nutrition literacy and pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), so as to provide scientific evidence for the key contents of family intervention measures.

In September 2022, a study involving 1 609 third-grade students and their caregivers from six schools in Yinzhou, Haishu, and Zhenhai Districts of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, was conducted. Venous blood samples were collected to measure lipid profiles and investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among the children. Family Food Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the nutrition literacy levels of the caregivers. Generalized linear regression analysis was employed to explore the correlation between caregivers' nutrition literacy levels and the prevalence of NAFLD in children.

Among the surveyed students, 191 were in the NAFLD group, whereas 1 418 were in the non-NAFLD group. The median nutrition literacy score of caregivers in the NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group all were 11.00 (9.00, 12.00), which was not significantly different (Z=-0.40, P=0.71). The generalized linear regression results revealed that the level of nutrition literacy of caregivers had no significant effect on children's Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and Triglyceride-glucose-Waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) [β(95%CI) were 0.001(-0.005-0.006) and 0.000(-0.014-0.014), P>0.05].

The nutrition literacy level of caregivers has no significant correlation with the direct incidence of NAFLD in children. As for family intervention measures, it is necessary not only to improve the nutrition literacy level of caregivers but also to effectively apply nutritional knowledge in practice to optimize health management.

To investigate the environmental contamination of norovirus in nurseries and primary/secondary schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures.

A total of 483 external environmental samples were collected from 34 cluster outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools in Linhai City from 2021 to 2024. Pathogen detection was conducted using a rapid nucleic acid extraction kit and real-time fluorescence RT-PCR, and the results were analyzed using the χ² test or Fisher's exact test.

Among the collected external environmental samples, the total positive rate of surface contamination was 13.66%. The positive rates in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools were 12.20% and 15.82%, respectively. In kindergartens, the five surfaces with the highest detection rates were desks/chairs (23.33%), toilet stool troughs (20.69%), urinal troughs (12.00%), washbasins/sinks (11.11%), and toilet mops (9.38%). In primary/secondary schools, the top five were toilet stool troughs (38.30%), urinal troughs (23.53%), toilet door handles (13.04%), toilet mops (12.50%), and drinking cups (11.11%). The difference in positive detection rates among different external environments in primary/secondary schools was statistically significant (Fisher's exact probability test, P < 0.01). The positive detection rate in sanitary toilets was higher than that in classroom environments (χ²=17.38), while the positive detection rate in classroom environments of kindergartens was higher than that in primary/secondary schools (χ²=5.42)(P < 0.05).

Norovirus exhibits a high contamination rate in nurseries and schools, particularly in restroom areas. Strengthening sanitation and disinfection in high-risk environments, and improving hygiene awareness among children and staff, are essential for the effective prevent and control of norovirus.

To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs.

Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1. The difference between desk-chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk-to-chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk-to-chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock-popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non-obese students.

Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

To understand the subjective and objective comfort evaluations of students from different age groups on desks and chairs, so as to provide reference for standardized allocation and use of desks and chairs.

From January to April 2024, a total of 2 446 students were selected from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuxi from Jiangsu Province by using cluster random method, including students in kindergartens, primary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, colleges and universities. Standardized procedures were used to measure the height and weight of participants, and the matching desks and chairs models were selected according to the height. The subjective comfort of students on matching desks and chairs was investigated, and their objective comfort was evaluated by using a self-designed questionnaire. The χ² test was used to analyze the differences of subjective perception and objective evaluation in comfort between different types of desks and chairs.

About 84.1% of the students subjectively thought that large desks and small chairs were very comfortable or relatively comfortable, followed by large desks and chairs (75.7%), and the proportion of small desks and chairs was the lowest among the three types (46.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=722.46, P < 0.01). The reporting rates of primary school, junior high school and senior high school students who subjectively considered large desks and chairs to be very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of other types of desks and chairs, and the differences were statistically significant (χ²=297.49, 252.82, 343.67, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the subjective comfort evaluation of different types of desks and chairs among kindergarten children (χ²=3.21, P > 0.05), and 66.3% of the students in colleges and universities felt very comfortable/relatively comfortable when they used the matching standard desks and chairs. The objective evaluation results of the comfort for the three types of desks and chairs were consistent with the subjective evaluation, but the proportions of the objective evaluation as very comfortable/relatively comfortable were higher than that of the subjective evaluation (χ²=20.76-813.47,P < 0.01).

Large desks and chairs, as well as large desks with small chairs are perceived comfortable, while small desks and chairs are perceived less comfortable. It is recommended to match the large desks and chairs or large desks and small chairs that are suitable for them according to the "standard", to promote physical and mental health of students.

To investigate the differences in the comfort of desks and chairs furniture among students with different body types according to the standard, so as to provide a reference for guiding students with overweight and obesity to choose the correct study furniture and revising the standards.

From January to April 2024, 2 443 students from 26 schools in 13 districts (counties/cities) in Shanghai, Tianjin, and Jiangsu Province were selected by the cluster random sampling method to conduct physical examination. The subjective and objective evaluations of the comfort of height-matched desks and chairs were investigated. The students were divided into non-overweight, overweight, and obesity groups according to relevant criteria, and stratified analysis was performed. The χ2 test was used to analyze differences in the comfort evaluations of desks and chairs among students with different body types.

Among the 2 443 students surveyed, 16.7% and 12.6% were respectively classified as overweight and obese. All students assigned the highest comfort ratings to large desks and small chairs (84.1%), and consistency was observed between students' subjective and objective evaluations. The reporting rate of samll desks and chairs of obesity students' subjective evaluation was lower (36.8%) than that of overweight and non-overweight/obesity students (52.1%, 48.0%) (χ²=14.63, P < 0.01). The overweight and obese group of primary school students had a worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs and small desks and chairs than those of the non-overweight and obese groups(χ²=15.78, 7.63, P < 0.05). Among high school students, the overweight and obese group had worse evaluation of the comfort of large desks and chairs, as well as large desks and small chairs, than those of the non-overweight and obese groups(χ²=9.62, 11.77, P < 0.05). The objective evaluations revealed low compliance ratings on the posture of the thighs and calves for naturally forming an angle greater than 90° (55.6%), and headroom height under the table (50.3%) with small desks and chairs (χ²=94.05, 166.47, P < 0.05).

Compared with non-overweight/obese students, students with overweight and obese students report poor comfort evaluations of height-matched desks and chairs. Revision of the standard should consider the body types of students, and evaluations of the comfort of desks and chairs furniture by students with overweight and obesity should be improved.

To explore the effects of different types of acute exercise on the working memory of sedentary college students, so as to provide a basis for exercise intervention.

From April 15 to May 30, 2023, a total of 42 sedentary college students were recruited from one university in Beijing. Using a single-blind, completely randomized experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to an open-skill exercise group, a closed-skill exercise group, or a control group, with 14 participants in each group. The open-skill exercise group engaged in 30 minutes of badminton, the closed-skill exercise group performed 30 minutes of running, and the control group remained seated for 30 minutes. All participants completed a 2-back working memory task and had their electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded before and after the intervention.

The accuracy rates of the open-skill exercise group, closed-skill exercise group, and control group (0.90±0.06, 0.94±0.05; 0.88±0.05, 0.94±0.05; 0.85±0.10, 0.90±0.06) showed a significant main effect of time (F=37.14, P < 0.01). Reaction times [(923.65±145.08, 711.56±140.93; 909.59±180.28, 807.85±169.66; 917.05±166.35, 871.86±186.07)ms] showed both a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between group and time (F=70.55, 11.83, P < 0.01). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that all three groups improved in accuracy and reaction time compared to pre-test values, with no significant difference in accuracy between groups. However, the reaction time of the open-skill exercise group was significantly faster than that of the control group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the closed-skill exercise group and the control group (P > 0.05). For EEG data, the P2 amplitude showed a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between groups and time (F=10.60, 7.66, P < 0.01), with the open-skill exercise group exhibiting a higher P2 amplitude than the control group (P < 0.05), while the closed-skill exercise group showed no significant difference compared to the control group (P > 0.05). The N2 amplitude showed a significant main effect of time (F=5.94, P < 0.05). The P3 amplitude showed significant main effects of time and electrode position, as well as a significant interaction between groups and time (F=23.16, 4.53, 5.85, P < 0.05), with both exercise groups exhibiting higher P3 amplitudes than the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between the two exercise groups (P > 0.05).

Open-skill exercise is more effective than closed-skill exercise in improving the working memory of sedentary college students.

To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students.

By a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ² test and Logistic regression model.

Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" (OR=0.48, 95%CI=0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions (P < 0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms (OR=1.52, 95%CI=1.15-2.02) scored lower (P < 0.05). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified.

The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students' awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.