Against the backdrop of the deep integration of the "food and medicine homology" concept with plant-based foods, legume-based protein beverages, as important representatives of plant-based dairy products, are gradually evolving from basic nutritional supplements to functional health intervention products.This review systematically elaborates the definition, advantages, common raw materials, and market competition landscape of food and medicine-derived legume-based protein beverages, with a focus on identifying prominent issues such as insufficient functional value exploration, severe product homogenization, and the disconnect between scientific understanding and consumer trust.Considering the synergistic development trend of the dairy industry and plant-based beverages, this paper proposes strategies including deepening the pharmacological mechanism research of active ingredients, promoting the modernization of classic traditional Chinese medicine formulas, and enhancing the bidirectional empowerment of policy support and market orientation.The study suggests that legume-based protein beverages can leverage the "dual-protein" strategy to form a complementary ecology with the dairy industry, facilitating a strategic shift from "homogeneous substitution" to "differentiated value". This will provide new pathways for precision nutrition and personalized health, while promoting the modern dissemination and industrial upgrading of traditional Chinese medicine-based wellness culture.

From the perspective of economic law, this paper adopted the case study method, and combines the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and relevant judicial interpretations. Taking the unfair competition dispute case of Yili v. Mengniu concluded by the Higher People's Court of Jiangsu Province in 2025 as the core sample, it discusses the legal protection of dairy product packaging decoration. The research focused on three practical dilemmas in judicial practice, including the identification of packaging decoration with certain influence, the judgment of packaging similarity, and the discretion of consumer confusion possibility, as well as the ambiguous distinction between general industrial elements and personalized designs.The study found that the protection of dairy packaging decoration should center on the distinctiveness of combined elements. The judgment of similarity shall follow the principle of overall priority and scenario-based comparison, and the identification of confusion possibility needs to be combined with the characteristics of consumer groups and sales channels. Meanwhile, this paper put forward corresponding optimization schemes, such as the identification system of distinctive element combination and the multi-dimensional judgment model of confusion possibility. It is concluded that clarifying the boundary of legal protection can curb unfair competition, reserve space for industrial innovation, achieve a win-win situation among consumer rights protection, enterprise development and market order, and provide theoretical support for judicial adjudication, enterprise compliance management and market supervision.

The safety supervision of the entire dairy industry chain faces coordination challenges between the agricultural and rural departments and market supervision departments, which directly affect the quality and safety of dairy products and the protection of public health. Currently, China has not yet established a legalized whole-industry-chain coordination mechanism. The lack of coordination under "segmented management" has led to prominent practical issues such as standard conflicts, information lags, and the absence of joint law enforcement. Based on the collaborative theory of administrative law and combined with practices in major dairy-producing areas such as Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, this paper analyzed the theoretical framework of the administrative law coordination mechanism from three core dimensions: legalization of power allocation, standardization of procedure design, and clarity of responsibility undertaking. The research suggested that to break down information barriers and standard conflicts under "segmented management", it is necessary to rely on laws and regulations such as the Food Safety Law and the Dairy Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Administration Regulations to provide legal guarantees for the whole-chain governance of the dairy industry, with the key being to promote departmental coordination from "separate operations" to "systematic co-governance".

Under the background of the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy, digital transformation has become a crucial pathway for China's dairy enterprises to achieve high-quality development. This paper employed a mixed-method approach combining empirical research and case study analysis to systematically investigate the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of China's dairy enterprises. Using panel data from 24 A-share and H-share listed dairy companies in China from 2016 to 2024, a two-way fixed effects model is constructed for empirical testing. The results revealed a significant U-shaped nonlinear relationship between digital transformation and long-term corporate financial performance. In the initial stage of transformation, the high costs of digital construction exert a negative impact on financial performance; however, as digital transformation deepens, its positive effects gradually emerge, significantly enhancing financial performance. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of digital transformation on financial performance is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises. Furthermore, this study conducted a horizontal comparative analysis of four leading dairy enterprises—Yili Group, Mengniu Dairy, Bright Dairy, and Tianrun Dairy—using DuPont financial analysis, Palip financial analysis, and operating cash flow analysis to assess their financial performance in 2023 and 2024. The findings showed that factors such as improper post-merger integration, asset impairment provisions, high tax burdens, and low conversion efficiency of operating cash flow contribute to significant fluctuations in financial performance. Based on these findings, this paper proposed policy recommendations including strengthening post-merger integration management, promoting product diversification and brand building, and improving ESG governance. This study provided theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing digital transformation pathways and enhancing financial performance in China's dairy industry.

In the context of the digital economy, digital marketing is crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of the dairy industry. Based on the Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), this study adopted questionnaire surveys and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships among consumers expectations, perceived performance, confirmation, satisfaction, and repurchase intention in the digital marketing environment, taking Guizhou Haoyiduo Dairy Industry as an example. The study found that expectations and perceived performance significantly affect satisfaction through confirmation, which in turn influences repurchase intention, with all relevant hypotheses verified. Accordingly, countermeasures such as establishing a dynamic expectation management system, optimizing the perception of digital touchpoint performance, and designing a confirmation-enhancing intervention mechanism are proposed. The study aimed to improve the digital marketing effectiveness of Guizhou Haoyiduo Dairy Industry, provide theoretical and practical guidance for regional dairy enterprises, and facilitate their sustainable development.

Modern biotechnologies are playing an increasingly vital role in the genetic improvement of cattle. This paper reviewed the principles, characteristics, and applications of three major biological breeding techniques--gene editing, genomic selection, and comparative genomics in cattle breeding. It evaluated their advantages and limitations in enhancing growth performance, milk and meat quality, disease resistance, and reproductive efficiency. Based on recent research advances, the paper also discussed strategies for selecting and applying these technologies in practical breeding programs. The goal is to provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the development of new cattle breeds and lines, thereby promoting efficient, precise, and sustainable cattle production.

Driven by both policy support and market demand, China's dairy goat industry has developed rapidly, and large-scale breeding has become the core direction of industrial transformation and upgrading. However, current large-scale dairy goat farms still face many prominent dilemmas in the development process. Based on the development status of large-scale dairy goat breeding, this paper systematically analyzed the existing problems in six core areas, including infrastructure construction, germplasm resource cultivation, on-site breeding management, advanced technology application, professional talent reserve, and input-output efficiency. Combined with advanced domestic and foreign breeding experience and the actual situation of China's industry, it put forward practical and feasible solutions such as optimizing sheep house environment, strengthening fine breed breeding, enhancing talent training, promoting technology transformation, improving management mechanisms, and building a collaborative development model. This study provided theoretical reference and practical support for promoting the efficient and healthy operation of large-scale dairy goat farms and boosting the high-quality development of the dairy goat industry.