The bimetallic NiCe-x(x=1:3, 2:2, 3:1, 0:1, 1:0) catalysts were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method and subsequently evaluated for their efficacy in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by CO(CO-SCR). The results indicated that compared to NiO and CeO₂ catalysts, the NiCe composite catalyst exhibited superior performance in simultaneously removing low-temperature CO and NO. Superior performance was demonstrated by the NiCe composite catalyst with a 3:1 ratio, which achieved over 90% NO conversion over an extensive temperature range of 200~450℃ and exhibited strong resistance to SO₂ and H₂O. Characterization indicated that the existence of Ni and Ce ions led to an increased specific surface area and accelerated redox cycling (Ce³⁺+Ni³⁺↔Ce⁴⁺+Ni²⁺), which improved denitrification activity. In-situ DRIFTS findings confirmed that adsorbed NCO played a crucial role as an intermediate in the CO-SCR process employing NiCe-3:1.

In the paper, the NRC and PRC columnar denitration catalysts were prepared using aluminum sol binders (nano-alumina and pseudo-boehmite) through the extrusion molding method. Their denitration performance was studied. It was shown that, compared to the original tailings, the denitration activity of the columnar catalysts was significantly improved. Compared to PRC, the denitration efficiency of NRC was found to be higher, reaching 67%. With the increase in the addition of the two binders, the mechanical strength was found to be improved to a certain extent. A more uniform surface distribution was observed in PRC, which allowed the catalyst to have a larger specific surface area and more surface acid sites. It was shown by H₂-TPR experiments that the area of the reduction peaks of PRC was decreased, the number of reduction peaks was reduced, and the redox ability was weakened, which was identified as the reason for its relatively smaller improvement in denitration performance. Both the E-R mechanism and L-H mechanism were observed on the surfaces of rare earth tailings and NRC, and the E-R mechanism of NRC was found to play a stronger role.

Water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers were utilized as the adhesive layer, and a steam atomization method was employed as a substitute for high-temperature treatment to fabricate PET/PPS nanofiber membrane composite filters through a circular roller stretching and pressing technique. The performance of the composite filters was characterized. The results indicated that the adhesion strength of the PET/PPS nanofiber membrane composite filter reached a maximum of 4.521N when the pressure was set at 0.436N/cm², the PVA spinning amount was 42.857mL/m², and the processing temperature during the pressurization was maintained at 20℃. The filtration efficiency for fine particulate matter with a diameter of 0.3µm achieved 98.86%. In dynamic filtration performance tests, after 30 cycles of constant pressure blowing, the time required for a single cycle was recorded as 13.5minutes, with a residual resistance of 265.4Pa, which outperformed existing PTFE-coated filter materials.

The persulfate-based advanced oxidation technology for antibiotic-containing wastewater treatment has become a current research hotspot in water treatment. Carbon-based materials have been used as green materials for activating persulfate due to their chemical stability and absence of secondary pollution. However, the catalytic activity of undoped or modified carbon materials is limited. This paper reviews strategies to enhance the catalytic performance of carbon materials, including non-metallic doping, metal doping, and carbon-based composites, and summarizes the new active sites formed by these strategies, as well as the connection between the types of active species produced by activated persulfate. In conjunction with the existing studies on the degradation of antibiotics by activated persulfate in carbon-based materials, the mechanisms of activation of persulfate by carbon-based materials (including free radicals, single-linear oxygen, electron transfer, and high-valent metal-oxygen species), and the methods to identify and determine the active species are concluded. Finally, the susceptible oxidation sites of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones antibiotics, their linkages with active species, as well as the application of this technology in treating antibiotic-containing waters. These results can provide a reference for the development of carbon-based catalysts with high catalytic performance and stability, and their application to activated persulfate systems for efficient antibiotic degradation.

This study mainly compared the emission characteristics of N₂O in two typical wastewater treatment processes, SBR and AAO, and analyzed the mechanisms that cause the differences.. The results indicated that according to the total nitrogen removal efficiency of the SBR process, the N₂O emission factor (EF) was 2.36%, which is 1.92 times higher than that of the AAO process. The aerobic phase was identified as the primary stage for N₂O production in both processes, accounting for over 90% of the total N₂O generated. Compared to the continuously AAO process, the sequencing SBR process exhibited a longer duration of low DO conditions. A sudden increase in NH₄⁺-N concentration o and a high accumulation of NO₂^--N ccurred at the onset of the aerobic phase. Analysis of the microbial community structure and enzyme activity revealed that SBR process had a higher ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and a higher nitrite reductase (NOR) activity, which were 1.7 and 1.4 times those of the AAO process, respectively. This further facilitated the production of more N₂O through the AOB-mediated nitrification-denitrification pathway during the aerobic phase, which is the intrinsic mechanism for the high N₂O emission factor of the SBR process.

This study focuses on the reciprocating vibration membrane bioreactor (VMBR) technology and has established a pilot-scale low energy consumption reciprocating membrane bioreactor (LEP-N-MBR) system to treat the A²/O effluent from wastewater treatment plants, with a treatment capacity of 350m³/d. The findings revealed that during the entire operation, the energy consumption of the vibration membrane was only 0.020 (kW·h)/m³, which significantly reduced the energy consumption of the MBR. At a sludge concentration (MLSS) of 3000mg/L, the removal rates for TN and COD were 53.78% and 61.76%, respectively, with an effluent NH₄⁺-N concentration of only 0.51mg/L. However, when the MLSS increased to 6000mg/L, the effluent NH₄⁺-N concentration increased to 2.07mg/L, and compared to when the MLSS was 3000mg/L, the membrane operation cycle was shortened by 33.3%. Batch testing indicated that the maximum ammonia oxidation rate and denitrification rate of the system's sludge were 3.65 and 5.55mg/(g·h), respectively. High-throughput sequencing indicated that under low-nutrient conditions, the reciprocating vibration membrane facilitated the release of organic matter on the membrane surface, which was then utilized by microorganisms such as Hyphomicrobium and norank_f__Microtrichaceae to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency through metabolic processes. The low-consumption and high-efficiency pilot LEP-N-MBR system can provide new technical perspectives and theoretical guidance for urban wastewater treatment plants, and assist in achieving the goals of “dual carbon”.

Sludge from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants serves as a major reservoir for antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the residual characteristics of antibiotics in sludge from different stages of wastewater treatment under varying production loads, and to assess the potential ecological risks of physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge using the Risk Entropy(RQ) method. The results indicated that 11 types of antibiotics were detected in the sludge under both high and low production loads, with total detected concentrations of 401.72µg/kg and 55.02µg/kg, respectively, showing significant differences in concentrations among different antibiotics. The production load had a notable impact on the wastewater treatment process. Principal component analysis(PCA) delineated robust disparities in antibiotic concentrations and water quality parameters among various treatment stages, with these differences being more pronounced under high production loads than under low production loads. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) underscored the substantial influence of distinct wastewater quality parameters on the removal efficacy of antibiotics. Residual levels of antibiotics from pharmaceutical processes remained relatively high in both physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge, with elevated concentrations of 9.39µg/g in low production load physicochemical sludge and 12.91µg/g in high production load biochemically dewatered sludge. Erythromycin, roxithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole in sludge-amended soil posed a high risk (RQ>10) to aquatic organisms in the receiving environment, with sulfadimethoxine exhibiting the most pronounced environmental risk (RQ>295.04). Macrolides and sulfonamide were identified as the primary risk factors in pharmaceutical plants, and it is recommended that these be prioritized for pollution control. The ecological risk posed by mixed antibiotics was significantly higher than that of individual antibiotics. Therefore, careful consideration of the final disposal of both physicochemical and biochemical sludge is crucial.

In this study, the pollution of direct and leakage in Shiwuli River was analyzed by combining anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) traceability methods, and the correlation and difference of each index were studied by Pearson correlation analysis method. The results showed that the content of SDBS in untreated domestic sewage was high (522~668µg/L), which was easily affected by industrial washing wastewater when characterizing the pollution situation. DOM is characterized by high percentage of CHOS compounds (83%~84%), protein + lipid components (80%~81%), high hydrogen-carbon ratio (H/C=1.6) and low-carbon nominal oxidation state (NOSC=-1) in untreated domestic sewage. Combining the advantages of SDBS and DOM traceability can effectively eliminate interference factors and make the characterization of river domestic sewage pollution more reliable. This study can provide new ideas and technical support for the analysis and traceability of the direct and leakage of domestic sewage pollution in rivers.

FeMnCoNi-O nanoparticles (NPs) with outstanding structural stability and catalytic performance were synthesized by coprecipitation and consequent calcination method. The FeMnCoNi-O NPs were carefully characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Furthermore, the obtained catalyst was applied to activate potassium persulfate (PMS) and degrade Rhodamine B (RhB). The effects of reaction conditions such as the concentration of the RhB, PMS and catalysts concentration, the kinds of pollutant and aqueous pH values, on the degradation process and the recycling performance were systematically investigated. Via the calcined treatment (200℃, 2h), the final product was the multi-metal oxide, which exhibited enhanced catalytic performance for the RhB degradation. FeMnCoNi-O NPs can achieve complete degradation of RhB (20mg/L) in 10minutes by activating trace amounts of PMS (0.2mmol/L). With the help of free radical quenching experiment and XPS analysis, it is found the main active substances in the degradation system were ¹O₂ and SO₄^·- generated via persulfate activation.

To investigate the causes of sludge bulking during high load operation of activated sludge and the control effect of adding vanillin, this study examined the overall changes in microbial community, filamentous bacteria genus, extracellular polymeric substance secreting bacteria genus, and functional gene clusters involved in exopolysaccharides synthesis when operating under conventional load or high load with or without vanillin addition. The results indicated that after sludge bulking occurred, there was a decrease in the proportion of proteins to polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances. This reduction limited the ability of proteins to act as a biological flocculant and resulted in poorer settling performance of the sludge. The causes of sludge bulking during high load operation were attributed to filamentous bacteria dominated by Sphaerotilus and viscous bulking led by Flavobacterium. The addition of vanillin effectively inhibited the proliferation of Sphaerotilus but still allowed for viscous bulking dominated by Thauera and Zoogloea. Metagenomic sequencing analysis revealed that the abundance of alg, eps, and pel functional gene clusters involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis increased by 0.4~0.5 times, 0.8~1.1 times, and 10.3~15.7 times, respectively. These findings suggest that these gene clusters may be potential factors contributing to the substantial increase in exopolysaccharide content observed in bulking sludge.