Traditional fertilizers are prone to causing excessive nutrient levels in the soil, and nutrient loss through surface runoff, denitrification, volatilization, and leaching not only harms the environment but also affects human health. Therefore, developing fertilizers that improve nutrient utilization efficiency and reduce pollution is crucial. Slow-release fertilizers provide an effective solution to this issue by precisely controlling the release of chemical components, and biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, in particular, have attracted increasing attention due to their unique properties. Various methods to enhance fertilizer efficacy have been studied in terms of preparation and application, including co-pyrolysis, impregnation, encapsulation, and granulation, with in-depth analyses of nutrient loading and release mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made in research on biochar-based slow-release fertilizers, covering aspects such as raw material selection, preparation processes, and application effectiveness. These studies have demonstrated that biochar-based slow-release fertilizers can effectively improve nutrient use efficiency and significantly reduce environmental impacts. However, challenges remain in their practical application, and further optimization of preparation processes is necessary to enable the feasibility of large-scale implementation.

This research aims to analyze the influencing factors of aquifer recharge management in the Sanjiang Plain, China, by utilizing Geographic Information System（GIS）and Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）to construct a suitability evaluation system for Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge（Ag-MAR）. The results indicate that areas with deeper groundwater levels are more suitable for recharge, accounting for approximately 20.2% of the total study area, while the region's dense river network provides substantial surface water resources. Additionally, the optimal recharge period is identified as spanning from mid-October to early November. This study provides a scientific basis for groundwater management and presents specific recharge recommendations to address the issue of groundwater over-extraction, thereby ensuring the sustainability of both agricultural production and ecological systems. The findings underscore the importance of Ag-MAR in promoting sustainable groundwater management practices in agricultural regions.

In order to explore the community structure and construction mechanism of soil protozoa in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, 24 large samples were set up in July 2023 according to the geographical and habitat characteristics in the study using the plum blossom five-point sampling method with a total of 120 soil samples. The culture and morphological identification of soil protozoa were performed by non-submerged culture method and in vivo observation method. The quantitative study was conducted by Petri dish direct counting method. A total of 175 soil protozoa species were identified, belonging to 12 classes, 29 orders, 55 families and 91 genera, mainly composed by species of Zoomastigophorea accounting for 15.43% of the total species, and species of Heliozoea was the least, accounting for 1.14% of the total species only. The α diversity of soil protozoa community in Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park. had no significant difference between slopes（P>0.05）, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index at low, middle and high altitudes were significantly different from those at high altitude（P<0.05）. In the co-occurrence network analysis, the relationships between soil protozoan communities in different slope aspects and at different altitudes are mainly positively correlated. Altitude, pH value, soil water content, soil organic matter, available potassium, and vegetation coverage are the main soil environmental factors that affect the composition of soil protozoan communities. The results of this study are helpful for evaluating and monitoring the changes in the soil environmental quality of the Lhamu Lhacuo National Wetland Park, and can provide basic theoretical data for the protection of soil ecological functions and the sustainable development in the Tibet region.

Selecting Pearl River as a typical case, over a decade of data tracking and investigation was conducted. Simulated using the analytical data as well as future scenarios of climate warming and river acidification, this study predicted the evolution of nutrient element ratios and trace metal concentrations over the next 80 years. Three significant changes in natural water bodies were suggested: firstly, insufficient carbon source allocation and nutrient accumulation leading to decreased biochemical efficiency; secondly, elevated ion exchange due to acidification, resulting in higher background concentrations of trace elements; lastly, water quality fluctuation inducing the co-release of heavy metals and toxic organic micropollutants and phase distribution shifts, forming a multi-loop feedback of pollution sources. Our study suggests that changes in aqueous solution properties of water bodies are driven by the results of simultaneous occurrence of concentration resonance and convergence effects, which are crucial factors of the physical fields. Combined pollution irreversibly changes the physicochemical properties of water bodies, resulting in a rapid fluctuation of geological background baseline values over decades. Consequently, this necessitates epochal adjustments to the evaluation of natural water body thresholds. A new emergence of water environmental challenges may include element exposure and fate changes caused by the natural evolutions, water quality structure conflicts from continuous inputs and emissions, and the approaching demands for species equity in ecological era.

This study investigates the adsorption and removal effects of powdered activated carbon on extracellular organic matters（EOM）from Microcystis aeruginosa（M. aeruginosa）at different growth phases and explores the removal efficiencies and adsorption mechanisms of characteristic organic components in EOM. The results indicated that the synergistic removal efficiency of organic components in M. aeruginosa EOM by powdered activated carbon was relatively low, ranging from 18.07%to 34.85%. Significant differences in adsorption efficiency were observed among different substance components, with the order of removal efficiency being microcystins>humic acids>proteins>polysaccharides. Each substance component exhibited varying proportions of easily adsorbable structures at different growth phases, leading to differences in adsorption capacity across phases. Easily adsorbable structures in polysaccharides were primarily released during the logarithmic phase, while those in proteins were predominantly secreted during the stable phase. Easily adsorbable structures in microcystins were predominantly secreted during the stable and decay phases, while the proportion of humic acid structure types showed no significant differences across phases. The adsorption process of activated carbon on M. aeruginosa EOM followed the principle of molecular-scale selective adsorption, primarily targeting low- and medium- molecular-weight substances, while exhibiting extremely poor adsorption performance for high- molecular-weight substances. This is a key factor contributing to the low removal efficiency of activated carbon for algal pollutants. This study provides significant scientific insights for the effective prevention and control of algal pollutants throughout the entire lifecycle of cyanobacterial blooms.

The coupling and coordinated relationship between ecosystem services and water use efficiency is calculated and analyzed according to the land use and water consumption data from 2005 to 2020 in Xinjiang. The results indicated that food production increased significantly from 2005 to 2020, while other ecosystem services had no significant change. The agricultural water efficiency was greater than 0.649 and increased with rate of 0.023/a from 2005 to 2020. The ecological water use efficiency decreased with rate of 0.013/a, and had significant regional difference. The water efficiency in domestic industry was higher and changed little. The coupling coordination degree of food production and agriculture water efficiency increased with rates of 0.057/a, and achieved highly coordination（0.995）in 2020. The coupling coordination degree of habitat quality and ecological water use efficiency decreased with rate of 0.052/a, and achieved slightly dysregulation（0.251）in 2020. The results indicated that the allocation and utilization efficiency of water resources in agricultural production reached highly coordination in Xinjiang, but the attention of ecological environment water use needs to be improved.

In this study, carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria were selected and introduced into short-term experiments involving sandstone-CO₂-water interactions. The chemical properties of the solution, the dissolution-precipitation process of rock minerals, and the changes in bicarbonate ion concentration were analyzed and detected. The results showed that after 20days of reaction under conditions of 50℃ and 10MPa, the pH of the system increased, and the microbial group pH was slightly higher than that of the control group. The participation of bacteria significantly accelerated the dissolution and precipitation processes of rock minerals, reducing the core porosity from 15.02% to 13.27%. In a 1-liter solution with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, the effective CO₂ sequestration amounts for the control group and the microbial group were 0.207g and 0.726g, respectively. The addition of microorganisms resulted in better carbon fixation, demonstrating that carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria have a certain promoting effect on CO₂ geological sequestration.

The naturally occurring radionuclides in the sinking particle, surface sediments, and sediment cores near the Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf were simultaneously analyzed by high purity germanium γ spectrometer in this study. The sinking particle at the west station of the Weizhou Island was mainly attributed to the strong sediment resuspension that was demonstrated by the combined evidences of ⁴⁰K, ²³⁴Th_ex, ⁷Be, and ²³⁸U-²³²Th（²²⁸Ra）-⁴⁰K/10 ternary diagram. Sediment accumulation rates（SAR）of two sediment cores（WZ16and WZ20）at the west stations of the Weizhou Island were calculated to be 1.46×10^-3 and 2.25×10^-3 cm/d using the constant flux and constant sedimentation rate model of excess ²¹⁰Pb. These ²¹⁰Pb derived-sediment accumulation rates were only 0.50% and 0.89% of the sediment sinking rates（295×10^-3 and 252×10^-3 cm/d）derived from sediment trap, quantitatively indicating strong sediment resuspension before the ultimate burial in sediment. Additionally, a high recruitment of coral larvae was observed at the west station with strong sediment resuspension. It was speculated that the strong biogenic sediment resuspension would provide sufficient heterotrophic energy for coral polyps.

Ecological restoration of territorial space is a critical measure for advancing the construction of ecological civilization. Precise identification of areas requiring ecological restoration and rational delineation of restoration priorities are fundamental prerequisites for the scientific and orderly promotion of territorial ecological restoration. This paper selected the Shandong Section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area and quantitatively evaluated the risk of ecosystem degradation using the "ecological resilience and human disturbance" framework. An ecological security pattern was constructed through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis（MSPA）, landscape connectivity assessment, and circuit theory models, identifying key ecological factors such as source areas, corridors, pinch points, and barrier points. By overlaying these factors with ecological degradation risks, the priority levels of restoration areas were determined, and corresponding restoration strategies were formulated. The results indicated that the overall risk of ecological degradation in the study area was high, with high-risk areas exhibiting a zonal radiation distribution centered around each city. The influence of rapid urbanization and the expansion of transportation networks on ecological degradation cannot be overlooked. A total of 27 ecological sources, 71 ecological corridors, 71 ecological pinch points, and 51 ecological barrier points were identified as ecological restoration areas. Overlapping ecological degradation risks, ecological restoration areas were divided into priority restoration, general restoration and ecological conservation, and restoration strategies were proposed in conjunction with the characteristics of different ecological elements and their priority order.

In a sequencing batch reactor with alternating anaerobic/aerobic operation, activated sludge from an oxidation ditch was used as the inoculated sludge for culturing poly-phosphate biofilm enrichment. The potential functions of GAOs in the biofilm phosphorus enrichment system were investigated by examining the effects of the changes in the abundance of glycogen-accumulating organisms（GAOs）in the biofilm on the phosphorus enrichment performance and the metabolic characteristics of the microbial community. The results showed that GAOs became the dominant organisms in the enrichment culture of phosphorus-accumulating biofilm, but they did not adversely affect the phosphorus removal and enrichment of the biofilm system. Due to the significant increase of PHA metabolic activity and poly-P metabolic activity in individual cells of phosphorus-accumulating organisms（PAOs）, the biofilm community as a whole was dominated by the phosphorus accumulating metabolism（PAM）. GAOs as a dominant bacterial genus in the system, might obtain the reducing power（NADH）required for synthesizing PHA through EMP metabolism, which could provide sufficient energy reserve for the absorption of phosphorus by the PAOs in aerobic conditions, and thus stimulate the phosphorus removal and enrichment effect in the biofilm system. The inorganic phosphorus transport system（pst）and poly-P synthesizing genes（ppk）were up-regulated, so that the biofilm system showed good phosphorus removal and enrichment ability, and the GAOs（Candidatus Competibacter）, as a potential denitrifying bacterium, could synchronize with the aerobic denitrification in the biofilm phosphorus-enrichment system.