This paper chose epoxy resin modified loess as the primary filler for the biological retention tank. It tested 48 different raw material types with varying parameters to improve the ratio of epoxy resin to loess as the benchmark (greater than 2mm/min). The corresponding epoxy resin content is 5% (b5), 10% (b10), 5% (b5d1), and 10% (b10d1). The adsorption capability of the four enhanced materials for NH₄⁺ -N and phosphate was stronger than that of conventional fillers. After the biological retention tank was filled, b5d1had the best average removal of NH₄⁺ -N and COD, reaching 93.97% and 77.5%, respectively. b5also removed NO₃^- -N(76.6%), TN (62.4%), and TP (98%) more successfully than the other two. Through microbial investigation, b5was found to contain more organisms including Chloroflexi and Steroidobacter that are engaged in the flora process. The NH₄⁺ -N, NO₃^- -N, TN, TP, and COD can all be efficiently removed by an enhanced loess packed biological tank. According to studies, loess enhanced with epoxy resin has a wide range of promotional uses, may be utilized as biological tank packing, and effectively filters contaminants in runoff rainfall.

This study employs Moran's I index and cold-hot spot analysis to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon emissions in Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2021. Additionally, a random forest model is used to identify the key socioeconomic factors influencing carbon emission of 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. The study finds that there are no significantly low carbon emission areas in Yunnan Province, with emission values generally close to the average and evenly distributed spatially. The hot spot regions remained stable across time, exhibiting a clear spatial clustering effect. Further analysis reveals that industrial added value, energy consumption, population size, and GDP are the main factors affecting carbon emissions. Our findings can offer useful guidance in formulating regional carbon neutrality roadmaps, implementing differentiated carbon reduction strategies, and promoting low-carbon green development.

An inter-regional energy system optimization model, NEMO-China-MR, was constructed in this paper. Based on the economic development and energy demand differences across regions, as well as the regional resource endowments and heterogeneity in new energy development, three scenarios were designed: the reference scenario S0for steadily advancing the"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets, the comprehensive scenario S1 for supply-demand coordination, and the balanced regional development scenario S2. Each scenario achieved both the "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets and the transformation of energy demand while building a new power system. The scenario comparison results indicated that supply-demand coordination influenced the optimal development path of the power system. Energy storage facilities and inter-regional transmission overcame the spatial and temporal mismatches of energy resources. Scenario S1 required consideration of future grid uncertainties, while Scenario S2, which promoted healthy economic growth through balanced regional development, reduced grid transmission pressure and was identified as the most ideal development scenario for the future. Moving forward, it is essential to lead the energy system transition through high-quality economic development, construct a new power system through the coordination of electrification and low-carbon power, and build inter-regional transmission channels while promoting balanced regional development.

Based on the LMDI decomposition model, the contribution of driving factors of transportation carbon emissions is quantified. The Tapio decoupling model is used to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth, and the efforts made by each factor to achieve decoupling are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that: Economic output is the decisive factors leading to an increase on transportation carbon emissions, with a contribution rate of 115.93% to carbon emissions; Industrial structure has the most significant inhibiting effect on carbon emissions. The decoupling index of transportation carbon emissions in the national, eastern, central, and western regions is all in a downward trend, experiencing the decoupling trend of expansive negative decoupling → weak decoupling → strong decoupling. The driving factors of transportation carbon emissions in the four regions generally show the phased characteristic of "no decoupling effort → weak decoupling effort → strong decoupling effort". Industrial structure has made varying degrees of decoupling effort in 30provinces, with transportation intensity and population size becoming key factors hindering carbon decoupling in the vast majority of provinces.

The tolerance to cyanobacterial blooms and the need for ecological safety vary spatially across different areas of lake and reservoir water sources (e.g., intake areas, lake/reservoir zones, bay areas), which requires more precise selection and application of emergency response technologies. Currently, there is a wide range of emergency response technologies available for cyanobacterial blooms, but selecting efficient and safe technologies that are tailored to the specific scenarios of lake and reservoir water sources presents a technical challenge for emergency responders. This study first details the theoretical foundations of current emergency response technologies for cyanobacterial blooms, focusing on three main aspects: rapid algae-water separation, environmental factor regulation, and physiological growth inhibition, providing a theoretical basis for technology application. Secondly, based on spatial heterogeneity, the study categorizes different treatment areas within lake and reservoir water sources: interception, skimming, filtration, and clear water dispatching for highly sensitive intake areas; aeration, pressurized algae control, ultrasonic, flotation, and magnetic separation technologies for lake/reservoir zones; and flocculation, modified clay, chemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, allelopathic plants, and microbial algae control for bay areas. Finally, the study comprehensively compares the technical requirements, advantages, duration of effectiveness, and application costs of these technologies in different water areas, providing a reference for the selection and development of emergency response technologies for cyanobacterial blooms in lake and reservoir water sources.

Hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) was synthesized through an in-situ cross-coupling reaction with triethynylbenzene as a precursor. The CH₃Hg⁺ adsorption performance of the novel sp-hybridized carbon material HsGDY was studied in comparison with traditional sp²-hybridized carbon material graphene (GE). This work showed that HsGDY had an excellent adsorption performance for CH₃Hg⁺, which was significantly better than GE. When the CH₃Hg⁺ concentration was 1.25µg/L and solution pH was 7, the final removal efficiency of HsGDY with 30 mg dosage for CH₃Hg⁺ could reach nearly 100%. An increase in ion strength, a decrease in pH and the presence of Hg²⁺ would to some extent inhibit the adsorption of CH₃Hg⁺ on HsGDY due to the competitive adsorption effect. HsGDY had good regeneration performance. After 5 regeneration cycles, its CH₃Hg⁺ removal efficiency was still above 80%. By characterization methods such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the adsorption mechanism of CH₃Hg⁺ onto HsGDY was thoroughly studied. The results indicated that CH₃Hg⁺ was chemically adsorbed on the HsGDY surface, mainly due to the interaction between the acetylenic functional group and CH₃Hg⁺.

Sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite are the two most common types of solid waste ceramsite. To compare and analyze the carbon footprint characteristics of the two types of solid waste ceramsite and quantitatively evaluate the carbon reduction benefits of the products, a carbon footprint accounting model for sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite is constructed from the perspective of carbon footprint. Based on sensitivity analysis, key emission reduction factors are identified, and the carbon reduction potential of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite is predicted and evaluated through scenario analysis. Meanwhile, using error propagation equations for uncertainty analysis ensures the reliability and effectiveness of carbon footprint results. The results showed that the CO₂ emissions from the production of 1kg sludge ceramsite and 1kg fly ash ceramsite were 1.00 and 0.58 kg, respectively. The carbon footprint characteristics of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite were similar, and the ceramsite production stage was the main link in the carbon emissions of the two ceramsite particle products, accounting for 93.71% and 89.12% of their respective carbon footprints (excluding the raw material acquisition stage), respectively. The raw material structure is the most sensitive factor affecting the carbon footprint of sludge ceramsite and fly ash ceramsite, followed by the transportation structure. Compared with sludge ceramsite, the carbon footprint of fly ash ceramsite is more affected by the adjustment of raw material structure. In the scenario of collaborative optimization, the carbon emission reduction potential of simultaneously optimizing transportation and raw material structure (31%~78%) is far higher than that of simultaneously optimizing transportation and power structure (2%~5%). In addition, the emission reduction potential of the three factors acting simultaneously is the highest, reaching 33%~79%.