The development of the heart in zebrafish embryos was examined after exposure to different concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) solution (0.06, 0.6, and 6mg/L). The levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of genes related to cardiac development were assessed. The results indicated that exposure to the high concentration of TBZ (6mg/L) caused severe cardiotoxicity, including pericardial edema and a reduced heart rate in zebrafish embryos. This concentration also induced significant oxidative stress in the heart, leading to a large number of apoptotic cells and marked changes in the expression of cardiac development-related genes (gate4, nppa, sox9b, vmhc), as well as apoptosis-related genes (bcl2, bax, puma, p53). These findings suggested that TBZ induced cardiotoxicity by disrupting the normal expression of genes involved in cardiac development, generating oxidative stress, and triggering apoptosis.

Sludge from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants serves as a major reservoir for antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the residual characteristics of antibiotics in sludge from different stages of wastewater treatment under varying production loads, and to assess the potential ecological risks of physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge using the Risk Entropy(RQ) method. The results indicated that 11 types of antibiotics were detected in the sludge under both high and low production loads, with total detected concentrations of 401.72µg/kg and 55.02µg/kg, respectively, showing significant differences in concentrations among different antibiotics. The production load had a notable impact on the wastewater treatment process. Principal component analysis(PCA) delineated robust disparities in antibiotic concentrations and water quality parameters among various treatment stages, with these differences being more pronounced under high production loads than under low production loads. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) underscored the substantial influence of distinct wastewater quality parameters on the removal efficacy of antibiotics. Residual levels of antibiotics from pharmaceutical processes remained relatively high in both physicochemical and biochemical dewatered sludge, with elevated concentrations of 9.39µg/g in low production load physicochemical sludge and 12.91µg/g in high production load biochemically dewatered sludge. Erythromycin, roxithromycin, and sulfamethoxazole in sludge-amended soil posed a high risk (RQ>10) to aquatic organisms in the receiving environment, with sulfadimethoxine exhibiting the most pronounced environmental risk (RQ>295.04). Macrolides and sulfonamide were identified as the primary risk factors in pharmaceutical plants, and it is recommended that these be prioritized for pollution control. The ecological risk posed by mixed antibiotics was significantly higher than that of individual antibiotics. Therefore, careful consideration of the final disposal of both physicochemical and biochemical sludge is crucial.

A case study was conducted at Tianjin Airport by the research team, in which the predicted emissions using default parameters (recommended values) were compared with the results based on inputs that had been adjusted to real-world airport operations. A high spatial resolution (45m×45m) emission inventory was established in the airfield area to identify emission hotspots, and the results indicated that the daily emissions generated by all mobile sources at the airport based on recommended values were 2,320.01kg (NO_x), 12,919.90kg (CO), 199.36kg (SO₂), 76.83kg (PM) and 635.92kg (HC). After adjustment of inputs based on real-world airport operations, the emissions results were 1,982.65kg (NO_x), 722.25kg (CO), 157.27kg (SO₂), 70.48kg (PM) and 86.38kg (HC). The time between 08:00 to 09:00 (the departure peak at the airport) was identified as the period when the maximum total emissions across time of day occurred. Results of the spatial analysis showed that the emission hotspots were predominantly distributed as follows: for NO_x, near the end of the departure runway; for CO, the merging area of taxiways (which connect arriving and departing flights); for SO₂ and PM, the aprons with a larger number of arriving and departing flights; and for HC, both the merging area of connecting taxiways and the aprons with a larger number of flights. The top 20% of emissions were primarily from: for NO_x the take-off stage of aircraft; for CO, taxiing stage of aircraft; for SO₂ and HC, the ground support equipment in the parking position during the service stage and taxiing stage of aircraft; and for PM, ground support equipment at parking lots and service lanes.

This study focused on the plant-microbe combined remediation system involving Bacillus megaterium and Celosia argentea L., to explore the impact of Bacillus megaterium on the succession of the rhizosphere microbial community and its role in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil. High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted to examine the structural changes in the rhizosphere microbiota of Celosia argentea at different time points (7th, 21st, and 50th days). The results indicated that in the treatment group, inoculated with B. megaterium, the number of OTUs, diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson), and richness indices (Chao1, Ace) of the microbial community were all higher than those in the control group by the 50th day; the Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the core groups within the microbial community; B. megaterium was able to dominate the rhizosphere microbial community in the early stages but its relative abundance gradually declined from 12.01% to 1.17% over the 50days; Functional prediction of the soil microbial community showed that B. megaterium mainly promoted the C and N cycle within the microbial community, potentially exerting a positive influence on the functionality and stability of the microbial community; B. megaterium significantly increased the cadmium content in the leaves of C. argentea and the bioavailable cadmium content in the rhizosphere soil by 40.3% and 17.6%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical foundation and empirical data support for optimizing plant-microbe combined remediation techniques and understanding the succession patterns of microbial communities in plant-microbe combined remediation systems.

The particle number concentration and size distribution of combustion emissions from seven types of honeycomb briquettes and eleven types of lump coal were investigated using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) in a laboratory-simulated combustion setup with a dilution channel sampling system. Emission factors for the number concentration of various particle size segments were calculated, yielding essential data for the construction of a number concentration inventory and the enhancement of effect simulations. The results indicated the following: A significant quantity of submicron particles was emitted during the combustion processes of both coal types. The number concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing particle size, notably in the nucleation and Aitken modes. However, this decreasing trend was less pronounced in the lower particle size section of the accumulation mode (100nm ≤ Dp ≤ 200nm), while the number concentration of larger particles (200nm ≤ Dp) gradually increased with increasing particle size. The total number concentration emission factors from the combustion of honeycomb briquettes and lump coal were determined to be 9.9×10¹⁴±5.3×10¹⁴ particles/kg and 1.4×10¹⁵±7.9×10¹⁴ particles/kg, respectively. For lump coal, the emission factors across the three modes of combustion emissions were calculated as 1.0×10¹⁵±5.9×10¹⁴ particles/kg, 2.8×10¹⁴±2.5×10¹⁴ particles/kg, and 6.4×10¹³±3.5×10¹³ particles/kg. Notably, the three-modal mean concentration emission factors for lump coal were 1.3, 1.9, and 1.5times higher than those for honeycomb briquettes. Furthermore, the ICRP computational model was employed to estimate the total respiratory deposition flux (RDF) ranges of 7.6×10¹² to 4.7×10¹³ particles/min for honeycomb briquettes and 5.7×10¹² to 3.3×10¹³ particles/min for lump coal. It was found that over 90% of the RDF was attributed to the nuclear mode particles when compared to Aitken mode particles in the combustion emissions of submicron particles within the respiratory tract. Additionally, the particle RDF size distribution exhibited a decreasing trend across all three regions of the respiratory tract. Overall, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of particle number concentrations, size distributions, emission factors, and inhalation exposures associated with particulate matter from civil coal combustion emissions across different particle size sections. The findings contribute valuable data and essential support for the development of numerical concentration inventories, improvements in effect simulations, and assessments of health risks.

The influence of solar radiation, climate, soil, and vegetation on the vapor pressure deficit (VPD), as well as the characteristics of its spatiotemporal heterogeneity under the effects of its interaction with the terrestrial-atmospheric system, were explored using spatiotemporal trend analysis, geodetector, and geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) models. The results showed that the multi-year average VPD value for the Jizi Bay of the Yellow River from 1982 to 2021 was 0.785kPa, with the highest annual VPD value found in the northwestern part of the area, followed by the central and western parts. Interannual and seasonal VPD showed a significant increase in all regions (P<0.05), with the highest increase in summer VPD [0.072kPa/10a] and a high increase in mean annual VPD in the east [0.045kPa/10a]. On the interannual scale, moisture conditions (precipitation and soil moisture) had the strongest influence on VPD, followed by temperature; in the southeast, NDVI had a strong influence on VPD. Additionally, the interaction of precipitation and temperature had the strongest influence on VPD, followed by the interaction of deep soil moisture with precipitation, temperature, and vegetation indices. On the spatiotemporal scale, from the 1980s to the 2010s, the limiting effects of precipitation and vegetation indices on VPD were gradually enhanced over time from the northwest to the southeast of the region. Furthermore, the promoting effects of temperature on VPD gradually increased with time from the south to the north, while the limiting effects of deep soil moisture on VPD gradually weakened with time from the southeast to the northwest. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for revealing the process of land–atmosphere interaction in this region and promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.

Using carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as stabilizers, two sulfidated nano zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) composite materials were synthesized in one-step. The apparent morphology, functional group composition, and surface chemical properties of the materials were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, and XPS. Static adsorption experiments were conducted to analyze the removal performance and mechanisms of Cr(VI) and trichloroethylene (TCE) by the two S-nZVI materials. Furthermore, the resistance of the optimal material to interference from groundwater pH and coexisting anions was evaluated. The results showed that CMCS and CMC surfaces contained various functional groups that could form covalent bonds with S-nZVI, improving the dispersion of the sulfidated nano zerovalent iron particles. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and the degradation kinetics of TCE by the two S-nZVI composite materials were described by pseudo-second-order kinetic models and pseudo-first-order kinetic models, respectively. The isothermal adsorption process of Cr(Ⅵ) removal by the two S-nZVI composite materials was capable of being simulated by the Langmuir model. Moreover, the S-nZVI composite material stabilized with CMCS (CMCS-S-nZVI) presented the highest maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(Ⅵ), whic h was recorded as 79.46mg/g. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and TCE by CMCS-S-nZVI was not significantly affected by pH in the range of 6~9 or by the presence of NO₃^- and SO₄^2-. During engineering applications, the possible negative effects of Cl^- should be paid special attention to. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the effective implementation of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology to remediate groundwater contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals.

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) was used to degrade organic pollutants in water via both direct oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) converted from ozonation. In general, the physicochemical catalysts properties were considered as an important factor that influenced the wastewater purification efficiency. Being attributed to stable chemical properties, easily regulated surface properties and pore structures, carbon-based materials for HCO arose much attention in wastewater treatment. Herein, the research progress and application of carbon-based catalysts for HCO in wastewater treatment were systematically discussed, which helped reader make a complete view. Furthermore, the functionalization and regulation methods of commonly used carbon-based catalysts were introduced in details, and the relationship between carbon-based materials structure and ROS generation was deeply discussed. Meanwhile, organic pollutants degradation mechanisms via radical and non-radical reaction under different reaction conditions such as water quality were expounded. Finally, the prospection and development of carbon-based materials for HCO in wastewater treatment was proposed. The results showed that carbon-based materials for HCO have broad application prospects in wastewater treatment. Future research should focus on the optimization of catalysts and the in-depth exploration of practical applications.

In the paper, the NRC and PRC columnar denitration catalysts were prepared using aluminum sol binders (nano-alumina and pseudo-boehmite) through the extrusion molding method. Their denitration performance was studied. It was shown that, compared to the original tailings, the denitration activity of the columnar catalysts was significantly improved. Compared to PRC, the denitration efficiency of NRC was found to be higher, reaching 67%. With the increase in the addition of the two binders, the mechanical strength was found to be improved to a certain extent. A more uniform surface distribution was observed in PRC, which allowed the catalyst to have a larger specific surface area and more surface acid sites. It was shown by H₂-TPR experiments that the area of the reduction peaks of PRC was decreased, the number of reduction peaks was reduced, and the redox ability was weakened, which was identified as the reason for its relatively smaller improvement in denitration performance. Both the E-R mechanism and L-H mechanism were observed on the surfaces of rare earth tailings and NRC, and the E-R mechanism of NRC was found to play a stronger role.

Addressing the drawbacks of iron-based tailings, such as high salinity and alkalinity, low nutrient content, poor water retention, and difficulty in effective utilization, this study utilize the functional microbial system to improved and restored the ecological function of iron tailings, and alfalfa was chosen as the pioneer plant to study the effect of the composite flora on the improvement and restoration of iron tailings by analysing the growth indexes of the plants. Results from pot experiments indicated that the average height of alfalfa in the treatment groups increased by 63.99% compared with the control group, with a decrease in tailings pH and a significant increase in nutrient elements such as urease enzyme activity, catalase enzyme activity and effective phosphorus. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that the abundance of nitrogen-fixing related microbial groups, such as the Nitrospirae, increased by approximately one-fold compared to the untreated groups. Therefore, the functional microbial system has the potential to regulate the acidity of iron tailings, provide nutrients to promote plant growth, increase the abundance of sterol bacteria microbial communities, enhance metabolic capabilities and nitrogen-fixing potential, and contribute to rehabilitate of iron tailings.