To address the issue of insufficient polarization of auxiliary electrodes (AEs) in magnetically assembled electrodes, five types of magnetically assembled electrodes were constructed using five different AEs: CNT/Fe₃O₄、Fe₃O₄/MnO₂、Fe₃O₄/Co₃O₄、Fe₃O₄/RuO₂, and ferrocarbon particles (FC). This study examined the effects of tourmaline on the electrochemical performance of each electrode and its impact on wastewater treatment efficiency. The results demonstrate that tourmaline can significantly enhance the polarization process of AEs, increase the active surface area of the electrodes by up to 28.47%, improve the degradation efficiency of simulated acid red G wastewater by up to 108.06%, and enhance the mineralization efficiency of real petrochemical wastewater by up to 10.61%.

Varieties of non-noble metal catalysts were prepared and screened by hydrothermal deoxidation of stearic acid for the purpose of efficiently catalyzing the conversion of waste oil into green diesel. The experimental results demonstrated that the nano-Ni-Cu alloy exhibited a significant catalytic effect on stearic acid, with its catalytic performance and product distribution being the most comparable to those of the Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the optimization of reaction conditions, stability analysis, catalyst characterization, reaction mechanism exploration and broad-spectrum analysis were carried out for nano Ni-Cu alloy. The characterization results revealed that the structure of nano-Ni-Cu alloy remained stable, and no significant structural changes were observed after continuous cyclic use. Under the optimum reaction conditions of 330℃, 120min, with the addition of 20µL methanol,30mg catalyst and 80µL water in a 1.67ml micro reactor, stearic acid was primarily converted into heptadecane through catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and decarbonylation. Additionally, the broad-spectrum analysis indicated that the yield of C8-C18 alkanes from various fatty acids and fatty acid esters catalyzed by nano-Ni-Cu alloy could exceed 95%, conforming its excellent catalytic performance.

Taking Huaihai Economic Zone as an instance, the spatio-temporal evolution of land use were analyzed from 2003 to 2023. On this basis, the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and spatial agglomeration of landscape ecological risk were identified for different historical periods and scenarios by combining PLUS model, spatial statistical method and ecological risk assessment model. The results indicate the following: (1) The land use types in Huaihai Economic Zone were mainly cultivated land and construction land. The overall land use pattern has not changed much in the past 20years. Concretely, it mainly manifested as the transformation of cultivated land into construction land. (2) The landscape ecological risk index (LERI) firstly increased and then decreased. In addition, the index was high in the east but low in the west of the study area. Furthermore it was relatively high in the north but low in the south. (3) The Moran's I index of the LERI decreased first and then increased. However, the local spatial agglomeration were mainly 'high-high' and 'low-low' patterns. (4) The LERI under the three scenarios of natural development, economic priority and ecological protection were 0.2470, 0.2451 and 0.2489, respectively. Under the ecological protection scenario, high ecological risk area accounts for the largest proportion across the whole regions. In contrary, the area of low ecological risk area accounts for the largest proportion in the scenario of economic development.

This study collected the surface soil samples (0~10cm) from the freshwater (salinity: 0) and mesohaline (salinity:10~15) P. australis marshes in the six main estuaries in China, which are the Liao River Estuary, Yellow River Estuary, Yangtze River Estuary, Oujiang River Estuary, Minjiang River Estuary, and Pearl River Estuary. The production rates of soil CH₄ and CO₂ were measured using laboratory anaerobic slurry incubation method, and the extracellular enzyme activity and abundance of methanogen functional genes (mcrA) were also measured. Mean CH₄ production rate in the freshwater and saltwater P. australis marshes was (2.69±1.63) and (2.97±1.71) ng CH₄/(g·d), respectively. Mean CO₂ production rate was (7.64±4.94)and (10.28±6.84)µg CO₂/(g·d), respectively. CO₂ production rate in the freshwater P. australis marshes was significantly lower than that in mesohaline P. australis marshes, but no significant difference in CH₄ production rate was observed between freshwater and mesohaline marshes. Soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) content were identified as the main factors influencing extracellular enzyme activity and methanogen abundance. A decrease in pH led to a significant reduction in the production rates of CH₄ and CO₂. Total carbon, total nitrogen, SOC, activity of five extracellular enzymes, and abundance of mcrA were identified as the key factors influencing CH₄ and CO₂ production. Our research results suggest that across the Chinese coastal estuarine freshwater and mesohaline P. australis marshes, salinity is not a main factor controlling CH₄ production, however, the increase in salinity perhaps raise soil anaerobic mineralization rates, which indicates that sea level rise and saltwater intrusion will cause carbon emission increase from estuarine P. australis marshes.

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was selected as the sole carbon and nitrogen source, and a strain NCSL-HH10 that could efficiently degrade NMP was isolated from the cleaning wastewater of lithium-ion battery cathode slurry mixer. 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic affiliation analysis showed that this strain belonged to Burkholderia contaminans. The results showed that 100% NMP removal and 94.3% TOC removal could be obtained in 1500mg/L NMP wastewater within 48h using this strain. Such a high mineralization degree indicated that the strain possessed a relatively complete NMP degradation pathway. In addition, the strain could completely degrade NMP with a concentration as high as 15000mg/L, which displayed the highest NMP degradation concentration with a high mineralization degree (63.2%) compared to the publicly available literatures. Finally, 10000mg/L NMP wastewater was treated by Burkholderia contaminans NCSL-HH10 and activated sludge under open environment, respectively. It was found that 95.7% NMP and 76.5% TOC were removed within 60h by NCSL-HH10, which was significantly higher than activated sludge (only 39.0% NMP and 30.2% TOC were removed within 84h).

Based on the ISfinder database and reference meta-analysis, this study conducted a systematic study of the diversity of 5812 insertion sequences (ISs) and their co-occurrence with functional genes. The study found significant differences in the distribution of different IS families among hosts, as well as in their co-occurrence with functional genes. DDE-type ISs are predominant, with the IS5 and IS3 families containing the most ISs, while the ISH6 family contains the fewest. ISs are widely found in bacteria and archaea, and several IS families show host specificity, being found only in either bacteria or archaea. The study demonstrated that IS co-occur with various functional genes, such as antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance, and stress resistance, indicating their significant role in environmental adaptation and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogens. Some IS exhibited co-occurrence with multiple functional genes, suggesting broader ecological adaptability, while others showed functional specificity. Future research should focus on experimentally validating the mechanisms through which IS mediate gene transfer and host adaptation, to reveal the mechanism of microbial evolution and ecological adaptation.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) represent a widely adopted approach for eliminating organic pollutants from water bodies. Nevertheless, conventional AOPs grapple with several challenges, notably including inadequate electron interactions, interference from macromolecular substances, constrained mass transfer processes, and moderate efficiency levels. To overcome these limitations, the employment of a spatial confinement strategy, which entails the construction of tailored nanoscale reactors, has emerged as a promising solution to substantially bolster oxidation efficiency. The spatial confinement strategy offers several key advantages: (1) optimize the migration of protons and charges; (2) alter molecular structures and molecular dynamics; and (3) create new active sites. This strategy is commonly integrated into processes such as Fenton oxidation, persulfate oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation. This paper summarizes the implementation and analytical methods of spatial confinement, outlines its three major functions, reviews its applications in various oxidation processes, and evaluates its effects at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Furthermore, future directions for the development of spatial confinement in advanced oxidation are discussed.

This study aimed to explore the accumulation of MGEs by wetland plants in the treatment of rural sewage using a soil ecological infiltration system. Thus, the changes in the integrase gene intI1and transposase gene tnpA-04 in the vegetative parts of the wetland plant Iris were investigated before and after treatment. The results showed that, over a 60d operational period, the soil ecological infiltration system achieved average removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand from rural sewage of 88.50% and 75.17%, respectively. The average height and fresh weight of the Iris increased by 3.63% and 43.45%, respectively. The concentration of MGEs in the plant increased by 1.67ng/g, with intracellular accounting for 68.26%. Forthermore, the abundance of the tnpA-04 gene was found to be 37.86% higher than that of the intI1gene, which demonstrated a higher propensity for transfer within the vegetative parts of Iris. The bioconcentration ability for MGEs in the plant's vegetative parts followed the order: stem >root > leaf. Moreover, variations in soil properties significantly influenced the plant's ability to accumulate MGEs (P < 0.05). This study suggests that wetland plants can effectively accumulate MGEs from rural sewage, thereby reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance gene dissemination.

This study conducted sampling and testing on the waste gases generated from different processes in typical automobile manufacturing plant coating workshops located in northern and southern China. It meticulously analyzed the emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor characteristics, and extensively explored odor characteristic prediction methods from multiple dimensions. The results revealed that OVOCs, alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are the predominant components in the exhaust gases, with OVOCs constituting 73.80% to 99.03% of the odor activity value (OAV), thereby classifying them the most significant odor-contributing substance category. Acetaldehyde, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and n-butyraldehyde all significantly contributed to the odor at both the inlet and outlet of the treatment equipment. Furthermore, electronic noses were used to classify waste gas samples, achieving 100% and 98.1% accuracy rates for inlet and outlet, respectively. Quantification of odour was achieved through regression analysis, which revealed a strong linear correlation between OVOCs substance concentration and OAV_max and OAV_sum. The electronic nose technology combined with BP neural networks was found to be an effective predictor of OAV_max and OAV_sum. Additionally, a logarithmic relationship was observed between OVOCs substance concentration, OAV_max, OAV_sum, and odor concentration.

This study used the urban sprawl index and InVEST model to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of urban sprawl and its impact on ecosystem services in 19 provincial capital cities along the main and tributary streams of the Yangtze River Basin from 2000 to 2020. It also explored the factors influencing ecosystem services in the urban sprawl areas. This study found that: (1) 47.37%and 73.63% of cities experienced urban sprawl during 2000~2010 and 2010~2020, respectively. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the average habitat quality, total food and meat production services, and total carbon storage of provincial capital cities in the Yangtze River Basin (central urban area) decreased by 4.25%, 7.03%, and 4.53%, respectively, while the total water production increased by 12.10%. (3) The loss of ecosystem services due to urban sprawl was the most significant in terms of habitat quality, with a loss of 71.56% from 2010 to 2020 compared to 2000. (4) A correlation analysis was conducted on the impact of land-use conversion, socio-economic factors, and climate on ecosystem services, and it was determined that land-use and use conversion and socio-economic factors were the most influencing factors.