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Diversity of microbial insertion sequences and their co-occurrence with functional genes
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Wen-jing ZHONG1, 2, Jian-qiang SU1, 2, Hu LI1, 2, Yan-yan ZHOU1, 3, *
China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(4) : 2314 - 2322
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China Environmental Science | 2025, 45(4): 2314-2322
• Environmental Microbiology •
Diversity of microbial insertion sequences and their co-occurrence with functional genes
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Wen-jing ZHONG1, 2, Jian-qiang SU1, 2, Hu LI1, 2, Yan-yan ZHOU1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
Published: 2025-04-20
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Based on the ISfinder database and reference meta-analysis, this study conducted a systematic study of the diversity of 5812 insertion sequences (ISs) and their co-occurrence with functional genes. The study found significant differences in the distribution of different IS families among hosts, as well as in their co-occurrence with functional genes. DDE-type ISs are predominant, with the IS5 and IS3 families containing the most ISs, while the ISH6 family contains the fewest. ISs are widely found in bacteria and archaea, and several IS families show host specificity, being found only in either bacteria or archaea. The study demonstrated that IS co-occur with various functional genes, such as antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance, and stress resistance, indicating their significant role in environmental adaptation and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogens. Some IS exhibited co-occurrence with multiple functional genes, suggesting broader ecological adaptability, while others showed functional specificity. Future research should focus on experimentally validating the mechanisms through which IS mediate gene transfer and host adaptation, to reveal the mechanism of microbial evolution and ecological adaptation.

insertion sequence  /  ISfinder database  /  diversity  /  functional genes  /  co-occurrence
Wen-jing ZHONG, Jian-qiang SU, Hu LI, Yan-yan ZHOU. Diversity of microbial insertion sequences and their co-occurrence with functional genes[J]. China Environmental Science, 2025 , 45 (4) : 2314 -2322 .
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Article Info
  • Receive Date：2024-10-20
  • Online Date：2026-03-19
  • Published：2025-04-20
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  • Received：2024-10-20
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Affiliations
    1.State Key Laboratory of Regional and Urban Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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