More than 100 volatile organic compounds (including 36 carcinogens) were identified in the clothing-mediated thirdhand smoke (THS) by using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS). Significant differences were found in the component and amount for the THS released from different clothing material. Specifically, the amount of THS released from polyester was significantly lower than that released from cotton. Furthermore, the amount of THS released from clothing exponentially decreased as increasing time, and the decrease ratio was more than 80% after 30 minutes, suggesting that the clothing-mediated THS pollution could be reduced if the smokers stay outdoors for more than 30 minutes after smoking cigarettes. This study provided a useful method for the investigations of clothing-mediated THS pollution, deepening the understanding on the release characteristics of THS pollution from clothing, which should have great significance in reducing the THS exposure for non-smokers.

To investigate the spatio-temporal variations, influential factors and environmental health effects of negative air ions (NAIs) in Hainan tropical rainforests, a mobile comprehensive measurement platform was utilized to carry out field observation during typical tourist season (January), four types of typical forest stands (evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous broad-leaved, coniferous and bamboo forests) at eleven different altitudes in the Wuzhishan area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park were measured. The concentrations, spatiotemporal variations of NAIs, and their relationships with forest types, meteorological factors, air quality, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation method for the ecological health function of tropical rainforest based on the Forest Health Index (FHI) was established. The results showed that the NAI concentration in the Wuzhishan area was relatively high (3541±882) moles/cm³, reaching Level VI of the World Health Organization's air freshness classification standard. The NAI concentration was increased with altitude initially and then decreased. Coniferous forest was found to have the highest NAI concentration, followed by broad-leaved forest, with bamboo forest having the lowest. A total of 66VOCs were detected, with sesquiterpenes and oxygenated organic compounds accounting for over 80%. NAIs were shown significant positive correlations with relative humidity, fine particulate matter, and monoterpenes, and significant negative correlations with sesquiterpenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The FHI in the afternoon was generally found to be higher than that in the morning, with most sampling sites reaching Level II or above.

This review summarizes the synthesis and regulation mechanisms of quorum sensing (QS) systems in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, focusing on key signalling molecules including acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), autoinducing peptides (AIPs), and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), as well as their applications in environmental remediation. The results demonstrate that QS-mediated regulation of bacterial collective behaviors primarily involves two critical processes: synthesis/release of signalling molecules and subsequent recognition-triggered behavioral responses. Notably, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as a common substrate for multiple QS signal biosynthesis pathways, potentially reflecting co-evolutionary adaptation between QS systems and bacterial coordination. Certain signalling molecules exhibit cross-kingdom functionality, not only adjusting conspecific bacterial behaviors but also mediating communication between phylogenetically unrelated bacteria and plants. Microbial communities leverage QS to synchronize population-level activities, optimize community architecture, and modulate synthesis of key degradation enzymes, thereby enhancing biofilm-mediated remediation efficiency. Finally, the development directions of QS-based microbial remediation technologies are discussed. The research results provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for studies on microbial remediation technologies.

The scientific prevention and effective control of environmental health risks are essential to achieving the vision of a‘Beautiful China’. However, China currently lacks comprehensive guidelines for medium and long-term environmental health risk management. This study discusses the ideal levels of environmental health risk management required to meet key milestones of a‘Beautiful China. Through the review of previous management efforts, we identify several critical challenges: insufficient risk prevention and control system, inadequate regulatory standards for conventional pollutants, and limited research base and understanding of emerging pollutants. In the end, this study concludes by proposing a future management system that prioritizes public health protection through systematic prevention and control of both conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants.

A novel catalytic membrane (AC-MgO@PVDF) was fabricated by loading activated carbon (AC) and MgO onto a poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane using a vacuum filtration method. The as-prepared catalytic membrane (AC-MgO@PVDF) was employed to activate persulfate (PS) for the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) in aqueous solution. The structure and elemental composition of the catalytic membrane were characterized by SEM, Raman and XPS. The efficiency and mechanism of NH₄⁺-N oxidation by the AC-MgO@PVDF/PS system were investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of a flow rate of 1mL/min, a PS dosage of 8g/L and an AC loading of 4.8mg/cm², the removal rate of 30mg N/L NH₄⁺-N and the nitrogen gas (N₂) selectivity of the NH₄⁺-N oxidation products reached 100% and 91.7%, respectively, after 25min of operation. The system exhibited a broad pH tolerance range (3~12) and was barely affected by common anions and natural organic matters in water body. Even after 240min of continuous operation, the system could still achieve a removal rate of over 60% for NH₄⁺-N. Quenching experiments, EPR measurements, and electrochemical tests revealed that f NH₄⁺-N was primarily oxidized through a non-radical pathway, with direct electron transfer being the main mechanism for its oxidation to N₂.

An anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor was used to explore the combined effect mechanism of anammox under the co-existence conditions of quinoline (50~200mg/L) and microplastics (PET-MPs) (20~100mg/L). With the increase of the concentrations of quinoline and PET-MPs, the performance of Anammox first decreases and then gradually recovers, and recovery time of reversible inhibition was positively correlated with the concentration of combined pollutants. The specific anammox activity (SAA) decreased from 22.8mg N/(g VSS·h) in stage C1 to 16.2mg N/(g VSS·h) in stage C3, while the corresponding reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased by 55.7%, indicating that the inhibition of Anammox was enhanced under combined pollution. Extracellular polymer (EPS) analysis revealed that an increase in the concentrations of quinoline and PET-MPs would lead to a rapid decrease in the EPS content of the biofilm from 75.3mg/g VSS to 39.2mg/g VSS. The significant reduction in protein (PN) secretion, which in turn led to a significant decrease in PN/PS, indicates a decline in the structural stability of the Anammox biofilm. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the concentration of quinoline /PET-MPs increased, while the microbial community diversity and richness indices decreased. The relative abundance of Candidatus_Brocadia decreased from 1.73% to 1.24%, while the relative abundance of Denitratisoma changed little. However, the relative abundance of anaerobic heterocyclic degrading bacteria increased significantly.

Poyang Lake is characterized by significant water level fluctuations, leading to complex transformation processes among precipitation, soil water, and groundwater. Due to the limitations of intricate wetland conditions and traditional monitoring methods, it is challenging to conduct quantitative studies on soil water movement and its interaction with groundwater. In this study, three vegetation communities at different elevations in Poyang Lake were investigated to analyze the isotopic composition of precipitation, lake water, groundwater, and soil water（0~80cm）. The characteristics of wetland soil water movement were examined across various hydrological periods. The results showed that the slope of the soil evaporation line（SEL）in the Artemisia capillaris community（5.91）was significantly lower than that of the local meteoric water line（LMWL, 7.60）. The lc-excess values of soil water in 0~60cm layer were negative, indicating strong evaporation, with a maximum impact depth of 60 cm. The slopes of the SEL in the Phragmites australis and Carex cinerascens communities（6.70 and 6.75, respectively）were slightly lower than the LMWL, and the lc-excess values of soil water were close to 0, indicating minimal evaporation. Regarding soil water movement, the δ¹⁸O values of soil water in the A. capillaris community increased with depth during spring（May）and summer（June to August）, indicating piston-flow dominated transport. During autumn（September and October）, soil water δ¹⁸O values became enriched and decreased with depth, indicating the dominant influence of evaporation. Furthermore, the soil water δ¹⁸O values in the A. capillaria community were significantly enriched compared to groundwater isotopes. No depleted isotope signals or evidence of groundwater supply were detected in the soil water, even when the groundwater table was at its shallowest（1.92m）. These results suggest that vertical hydrological connectivity between root-zone soil water and groundwater was blocked. In contrast, soil water movement in the P. australis and C. cinerascens communities was significantly influenced by groundwater level fluctuations. During the groundwater level rise period（April and May）, shallow soil water（0~40cm）in these two communities primarily originated from atmospheric precipitation, while deep soil water（40~80cm）was replenished by capillary rise of groundwater. Groundwater contributed more than 50% to the replenishment of root-zone soil water. During the shallow groundwater table period（June and August）, frequent exchanges occurred between soil water and groundwater in the P. australis community. In the groundwater table decline period（September and October）, the P. australis and C. cinerascens communities exhibited non-uniform soil water flow processes, characterized by noticeable preferential flow.

This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2021. We treat the carbon trading policy as a quasi-natural experiment, and apply a multi-period difference-in-differences method to systematically evaluate its impact on carbon emissions. The results indicate that: after the introduction of the carbon trading policy, the total carbon emissions in the pilot regions decrease by 13.2%, while carbon intensity and per capita carbon emissions fall by 21.3% and 17.2%, respectively. The carbon trading policy significantly reduces carbon intensity in the pilot regions; however, the impacts on total carbon emissions and per capita emissions are not significant. Carbon reduction through trading primarily relies on improvements in industrial structure, with weaker mediation effects from carbon trading prices, market activity, and low-carbon technology. There may be complementary and synergistic effects among different policies. Although carbon trading plays a positive role in promoting carbon reduction, its synergistic effects on SO₂, NO_x and PM_2.5 still need to be enhanced. These results provide important empirical support for understanding carbon trading policies and offer a scientific basis for refining the carbon trading system as well as guiding future adjustments and optimizations of carbon market policies.

TiCeO_x bimetallic catalysts were prepared as catalyst carries. And the Ru-supported catalysts with different dispersions were synthesized by the methods of Ru³⁺ impregnation reduction (bottom to up) and Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion (top to down) methods. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-N prepared by Ru³⁺ immersion reduction method, Ru species exist in the form of RuO_x nanoclusters. In the catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A prepared by Ru colloid solution thermal diffusion, Ru species exist in the form of single-atom dispersion. The different dispersion states of Ru species lead to the difference of active oxygen species and acid sites involved in chlorobenzene (CB) oxidation. Chemisorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen could be the dominating active oxygen species for RuTiCeO_x-N and RuTiCeO_x-A, respectively. And due to the chemisorption of CB, that could be transformed into hydroxyl radical (-OH) to be involved in the catalytic reaction. Catalyst RuTiCeO_x-A performed better with the complete conversion of CB at 300℃ and 24h of durability test without deactivation. That could be attributed to the synergy between its resulted active oxygen species and multiple acid sites (strong and weak).

Based on the methodology of life cycle assessment（LCA）, the carbon footprint of the typical wind power system with generation and electricity storage（WPSGES）in China was calculated, so as to identify the reduction potential of carbon emission from life cycle stages. The results showed that the carbon footprint of WPSGES was 8.44gCO₂/（kW·h）, which mainly came from the manufacturing process by 6.25gCO₂/（kW·h）（74.05%）. Such processes as construction, operation, and end of life only contributed 1.04, 1.91 and -0.74gCO₂/（kW·h）, respectively. It was also confirmed that expanding the system boundary, including power generation and storage, could reduce gross carbon footprint of WPSGES.