To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of influenza vaccine (InfV) in pregnant women on their infants in Gansu province.

A total of 1 229 978 infants born to pregnant women in Gansu province from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2023 were included in this study. Data were collected from the electronic medical record system, birth registration system, and immunization program system of Gansu province. A retrospective cohort of pregnant women who received InfV during pregnancy was constructed by linking the databases of each system through ID number. Information on laboratory-confirmed influenza cases in infants was collected through the electronic medical record system. Robust Poisson regression analysis was used to compare the adjusted risk ratio (RR), VE, and 95%confidence interval (CI) of influenza in infants born to pregnant women who received InfV during pregnancy and those who did not from 2018 to 2023.

The incidence of influenza in infants born to 1 210 pregnant women who received InfV during pregnancy was 4.71% (57/1 210), which was significantly lower than 6.13% in infants born to 1 228 768 pregnant women who did not receive InfV during pregnancy (χ²=4, P<0.05). The adjusted RR was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.29–0.99), and the VE was 22.13% (95%CI: 0.79–40.30).

InfV vaccination during pregnancy provides some protection against influenza in infants under 6 months of age.

To investigate the current status of public health emergency response team building in disease prevention and control institutions in Shanghai city, analyze existing problems and their causes, and provide a reference for improving the construction of public health emergency response teams in these institutions.

From March 22, 2023 to April 15, 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the current status of public health emergency response team building in Shanghai city′s disease prevention and control institutions, as well as the basic information, professional skills, and emergency handling experience of team members. Data were statistically analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 20.0 software.

A total of 1 956 questionnaires were collected, of which 1 921 were valid, yielding an effective rate of 98.21%. Shanghai city′s disease prevention and control institutions have established 12 regular emergency response teams (Comprehensive Coordination, Acute Communicable Disease Control, Chronic Communicable Disease Control, Vaccine-Preventable Disease Control, Disinfection and Vector Control, Radiation Event Response, Environmental Event Response, Foodborne Disease Control, Occupational Poisoning Control, Chemical Toxicity Testing, Pathogen Detection, and Logistics Support) and 2 reserve emergency response teams (Acute Communicable Disease Control Reserve and Health-Related Hazard Control Reserve). The average age of emergency responders was (36.82±9.05) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.90. The majority of team members held bachelor′s degrees (59.66%) and intermediate professional titles (41.12%). 50.34% of the team members had ≤5 years of experience in public health emergency response work. A relatively large number of personnel were familiar with public health-related specialties such as acute communicable disease prevention and control, comprehensive coordination, chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control, emergency management, microbial detection, environmental health, and food hygiene. However, fewer than 10% of personnel were familiar with radiation hygiene, parasitic disease prevention and control, child and adolescent health, immunization planning, and occupational health. Except for the number of individuals who participated in the COVID-19 response (>90%), the number of participants in other public health emergency responses was less than 45%, and the frequency of participation was mostly 1–5 times.

Shanghai city′s disease prevention and control institutions have established relatively well-developed emergency response teams. However, there are problems such as an unbalanced team structure, a shortage of high-level and interdisciplinary professionals, and insufficient experience in emergency response. These institutions should establish a unified planning, coordinated management, and unified command working mechanism for public health emergency response teams. They should further strengthen the recruitment of high-level personnel, enhance the reserve of public health emergency personnel, optimize the composition of emergency response teams, conduct targeted emergency training and drills, and improve the overall quality of emergency response teams to ensure high-quality and sustainable development of public health emergency work.

To understand the epidemiologic trends and factors influencing the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus (PTB-DM) in Chongqing city, and to provide a basis for reducing the risk of comorbidities and improving patient outcomes in the region.

Data on PTB-DM patients registered in Chongqing city from 2016 to 2022 were extracted from the National Tuberculosis Information Management System. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze disease trends and demographic characteristics. Chi-square test was used to compare between groups. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing patient outcomes. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze disease trends.

From 2016 to 2022, the average registration rate of PTB patients in Chongqing city was 49.38/100 000, with a decreasing trend (average annual percentage change [AAPC]= −10.70%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 16.16%–5.63%). The average registration rate of PTB-DM patients was 2.9/100 000, with an increasing trend (AAPC=14.38%, 95%CI: 7.08%–23.73%). Enrolled PTB-DM were predominantly male, older, referred, had delayed medical visits, and had positive pathogen detection results. Among the outcomes of PTB-DM patients, successful treatment accounted for 80.85% and adverse outcomes accounted for 19.15%. The average annual treatment success rate was 82.01%. Joinpoint regression analysis showed a decreasing trend in the patients′ treatment success rate. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that ethnic minorities (odds ratio [OR]=0.744, 95%CI: 0.633–0.874), 0–24 years old (OR=0.217, 95%CI: 0.051–0.922), 25–39 years old (OR=0.540, 95%CI: 0.398–0.734), 40–54 years old (OR=0.488, 95%CI: 0.416–0.572), 55–64 years old (OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.607–0.828), initial treatment (OR=0.648, 95%CI: 0.531–0.791), and with negative pathogen detection results (OR=0.576, 95%CI: 0.489–0.677) were protective factors against adverse outcomes in PTB-DM patients. Living in southeast Chongqing (OR=1.560, 95%CI: 1.218–1.999) and being referred for treatment (OR=1.289, 95%CI: 1.080–1.539) were risk factors for adverse outcomes in PTB-DM patients.

The co-morbidity trend of PTB-DM in Chongqing city is obvious. Treatment and management factors, such as diagnostic route, delayed medical visits and management methods, have an impact on the treatment outcomes of PTB-DM patients.

To understand the impact of extreme temperatures on the risk of stroke mortality among residents in Nanchang city, Jiangxi province, from 2018 to 2022, and to provide data support for the formulation of corresponding preventive measures and health policies.

Data on stroke mortality among Nanchang residents from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, as well as data on air pollutants and meteorology in Nanchang during the same period, were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Population Mortality Registration Information System. A generalized additive model (GAM) combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to analyze the cumulative lag effect of extreme temperatures on the risk of stroke mortality among residents. Subgroup analyses were conducted for different genders, ages, and stroke subtypes to identify sensitive populations.

A total of 23 630 stroke deaths were reported in Nanchang city from 2018 to 2022, including 12 269 hemorrhagic strokes and 11 361 ischemic strokes. The distribution relationship between daily average temperature and stroke mortality in Nanchang city showed an approximate "J" shaped curve, with the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) being 8.5 °C. DLNM analysis showed that the effect of extreme high temperature on the risk of stroke mortality reached its peak on the same day (lag0 d), with a cumulative relative risk (cumRR) of 1.328 (95%CI: 1.136–1.553), and the difference was not statistically significant after lag2 d (P>0.05). The effect of extreme low temperature on the risk of stroke mortality had a lag effect, reaching its peak at lag6 d, with a cumRR of 1.031 (95%CI: 1.013–1.049). Subgroup analysis showed that the distribution trends of the effects of extreme high temperature on the risk of stroke mortality in each subgroup were similar, and all reached their peak at lag0 d. The cumRR for males [1.389 (95%CI: 1.149–1.679)] was higher than that for females [1.263 (95%CI: 1.027–1.553)], the cumRR for residents <60 years old [1.166 (95%CI: 0.844–1.611)] was lower than that for residents ≥60 years old [1.373 (95%CI: 1.158–1.630)], and the cumRR for hemorrhagic stroke [1.316 (95%CI: 1.090–1.589)] was higher than that for ischemic stroke [1.305 (95%CI: 1.059–1.601)]. Under extreme low temperature, the cumRR at lag5 d for males [1.033 (95%CI: 1.013–1.054)] was higher than that at lag7d for females [1.032 (95%CI: 1.004–1.060)], the cumRR at lag5 d for residents <60 years old [1.042 (95%CI: 1.005–1.079)] was higher than that at lag6 d for residents ≥60 years old [1.028 (95%CI: 1.010–1.046)], and the cumRR at lag6 d for hemorrhagic stroke [1.045 (95%CI: 1.015–1.076)] was higher than that at lag6 d for ischemic stroke [1.026 (95%CI: 1.003–1.049)].

Extreme temperatures can increase the risk of stroke mortality in Nanchang city residents. The effect of extreme high temperature is acute and short-lived, while the effect of extreme low temperature has a certain lag. Males and residents with hemorrhagic stroke have a higher risk of stroke mortality under both extreme high and low temperatures. Residents <60 years old and ≥60 years old have a higher risk of stroke mortality under extreme low and high temperatures, respectively.

To provide a reference for the scientific prevention and control of foodborne diarrhea among the 6–17 year-old population by analyzing the surveillance data of foodborne diarrhea cases in this age group from sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2013 to 2022.

The clinical information of foodborne diarrhea cases aged 6–17 years who visited 36 sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2013 to 2022 was collected, and stool samples or anal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. The χ² test was used for rate comparisons, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of pathogen infection.

From 2013 to 2022, a total of 2 128 foodborne diarrhea cases aged 6–17 years were reported by Beijing sentinel hospitals, with males outnumbering females (1.95:1). The number of cases was highest in the outer suburbs, accounting for 36.75% (782/2 128). The peak period for pathogen detection was from July to September each year, while norovirus was mostly detected in winter and spring. Logistic regression results showed that compared with the 15–17 year-old group, the 12–14 year-old group (OR=0.512, 95%CI: 0.326–0.804) had a lower risk of pathogen infection. Compared with the outer suburbs, the risk of pathogen infection was higher in urban areas (OR=1.447, 95%CI: 1.029–2.034) and inner suburbs (OR=1.543, 95%CI: 1.119–2.129). Summer (OR=7.674, 95%CI: 3.688–15.968) was the season with the highest risk of pathogen infection, and the inner suburbs (OR=3.348, 95%CI: 1.690–6.634) had the highest risk of norovirus detection. Cases with fever (OR=1.806, 95%CI: 1.358–2.403) and diarrhea ≥10 times/24 h (OR=1.832, 95%CI: 1.300–2.581) had a higher risk of pathogen infection. Cases with abdominal pain (OR=2.109, 95%CI: 1.146–3.881) and dehydration (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.146–3.881) had a higher risk of norovirus detection.

From 2013 to 2022, foodborne diarrhea cases among the 6–17 year-old population in Beijing were predominantly male, with suburban areas being the key regions for prevention and control. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cases infected with different pathogens can be used to provide a basis for food safety and health education and clinical diagnosis.