To investigate the association between scoliosis and nutritional status among junior high school students in Shanghai city and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of scoliosis in children and adolescents.

From September to October 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 10 710 junior high school students from 16 districts in Shanghai city for scoliosis screening, anthropometric measurements, and questionnaire surveys. A two-level ordered multi-categorical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between scoliosis and nutritional status.

The positive rate of scoliosis screening among junior high school students in Shanghai city was 1.93%, and the positive rate of poor posture was 4.04%. The positive rate of scoliosis in girls (2.70%) was higher than that in boys (1.22%) (χ²=32.217, P<0.001). The positive rate of scoliosis increased with grade (χ²=12.689, P<0.001). The positive rate of scoliosis in students from economically better-off areas (2.27%) was higher than that in students from moderately (1.66%) and less well-off areas (1.67%) (χ²=55.092, P<0.001). Univariate analysis found that moderately and severely underweight boys (OR=2.478, 95%CI: 1.316–4.665) had a higher risk of scoliosis than students of normal weight, and the same was true for girls (OR=2.455, 95%CI: 1.302–4.630). Among boys, overweight (OR=0.526, 95%CI: 0.371–0.746) and obese (OR= 0.472, 95%CI: 0.334–0.667) students had a lower risk of scoliosis than students of normal weight. Among girls, only obese students (OR=0.572, 95%CI: 0.380–0.861) had a lower risk of scoliosis than students of normal weight. After adjusting for confounding factors such as grade, economic status of the area, maternal education level, reading and writing posture, mobile electronic device usage time, sedentary time, frequency of desk and chair adjustment, and frequency of left and right seat adjustment, the two-level ordered multi-categorical logistic regression analysis showed that moderately and severely underweight boys (OR=2.442, 95%CI: 1.282–4.651) and girls (OR=2.495, 95%CI: 1.315–4.732) still had a higher risk of scoliosis than students of normal weight. Overweight (OR=0.522, 95%CI: 0.367–0.743) and obese boys (OR=0.481, 95%CI: 0.339–0.682) had a lower risk of scoliosis than normal-weight boys, and obese girls (OR=0.544, 95%CI: 0.362–0.822) had a lower risk of scoliosis than normal-weight girls.

Junior high school students in Shanghai with low body weight have a high risk of scoliosis, while those with high body weight have a low risk of scoliosis. It is necessary to pay close attention to the risk of scoliosis in underweight students to achieve early screening, early detection, and early intervention.

To investigate the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its influencing factors among adult residents in Urumqi city, Xinjiang, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of KOA.

From June to August 2023, an online survey was conducted via Wenjuanxing using electronic questionnaires to investigate the prevalence of KOA and its related influencing factors among 5 000 adult residents aged 18 years old from 12 communities selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling in Urumqi city.

Among the 4 638 adult residents in Urumqi city finally included in the analysis, 444 had KOA, with a prevalence rate of 9.6%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥40 years, sleep disorders, regular lifestyle, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were risk factors for KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city. Education level of junior high school and above and daily water intake ≥500 mL were protective factors against KOA in adult residents of Urumqi city.

The prevalence of KOA among adult residents in Urumqi city is relatively low. Age, education level, daily water intake, sleep disorders, lifestyle regularity, history of knee trauma, family history of arthritis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia are the main influencing factors of KOA in adult residents in this area.

To observe the effects of subchronic aluminum exposure on the expression of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) pathway microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), selective autophagy receptor protein 62 (P62), and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV) in rat hippocampal mitochondria, and to explore the specific mechanism by which aluminum exposure affects cognitive impairment through the mitophagy PINK1/Parkin pathway LC3B/P62/COXIV pathway.

Thirty-two 6-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of SPF grade, weighing (190±20) g, were randomly divided into four groups according to their body weight: control, low-dose (10 µmol/kg), medium-dose (20 µmol/kg), and high-dose (40 µmol/kg) groups, with 8 rats in each group. The animal intoxication model was established by intraperitoneal injection of aluminum maltolate for 90 days. After the exposure, the learning and memory abilities of the rats were measured by the Morris water maze behavioral test, the expression level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cerebral cortex was measured by frozen sections, and the expression of PINK1, Parkin, LC3B, P62, and COXIV proteins in the hippocampal tissue was detected by Western blotting (WB).

On days 3, 4, and 5 of the Morris water maze place navigation test, the escape latency of rats in each group gradually increased with the increase of the exposure dose (P<0.05). On day 6, the number of times the rats in the high-dose group crossed the platform and the platform quadrant decreased compared with the control group and the low- and medium-dose groups (P<0.05). With the increase of the exposure dose in each group, the ROS level in the cerebral cortex of rats gradually increased (P<0.05), and the content of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) gradually decreased (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of PINK1, Parkin, and LC3B in the hippocampal tissue of rats in each group gradually increased with the increase of the exposure dose (P<0.05), while the relative expression levels of P62 and COXIV gradually decreased with the increase of the exposure dose (P<0.05).

Subchronic aluminum exposure can impair learning and memory function in rats, activate the PINK1/Parkin pathway LC3B/P62/COXIV pathway, and induce mitophagy.

To compare and analyze the regional differences in dietary and nutrient intake and the prevalence of chronic disease comorbidities among Chinese adults aged 65 years and over in 2015.

Data were collected from the 2015 China National Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, with a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method across 298 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China. A total of 35 873 individuals were included in the survey, with 14 214 participating in the dietary survey, categorized into seven regions of China (north China, northeast China, east China, central China, south China, southwest China, and northwest China). Dietary intake data were collected using a continuous 3-day 24-hour dietary recall combined with weighing methods. Food categories were classified according to the China Food Composition Table, and energy and nutrient intakes were calculated.

Elderly people in south China had higher daily intakes of rice and rice products (245.2 g/d), fresh vegetables (277.0 g/d), livestock and poultry meat (130.7 g/d), fish and shrimp (37.8 g/d), protein (55.0 g/d), vitamin A (262.0 μg/d), vitamin B₂ (0.7 mg/d), vitamin C (84.0 mg/d), zinc (9.5 mg/d), and selenium (37.4 mg/d). Elderly people in northwest China had higher daily intakes of wheat flour and wheat products (186.9 g/d), cooking salt (9.6 g/d), carbohydrates (248.5 g/d), vitamin B₁ (0.8 mg/d), and vitamin E (53.7 mg/d). Older adults in north China had higher daily intakes of wheat flour and wheat products (184.3 g/d), whole grains and legumes (41.6 g/d), eggs (29.4 g/d), dairy (30.5 g/d), carbohydrates (241.6 g/d), dietary fiber (10.1 g/d), vitamin B₁ (0.8 mg/d), and magnesium (254.2 mg/d). Older adults in east China had higher daily intakes of fresh vegetables (269.3 g/d), soybeans and nuts (18.3 g/d), dairy (25.2 g/d), fish and shrimp (37.6 g/d), protein (55.7 g/d), dietary fiber (9.7 g/d), vitamin A (280.4 μg/d), vitamin B₂ (0.7 mg/d), vitamin C (82.7 mg/d), folate (166.6 μg/d), calcium (388.7 mg/d), potassium (1 449.3 mg/d), iron (18.6 mg/d), and selenium (37.3 mg/d). Older adults in northeast China had higher daily intakes of tubers (64.7 g/d), fresh fruit (62.0 g/d), and dairy (30.3 g/d). Older adults in central China had higher daily intakes of fresh vegetables (281.7 g/d), cooking salt (9.7 g/d), cooking oil (45.2 g/d), dietary fiber (9.6 g/d), vitamin C (78.3 mg/d), sodium (5 803.6 mg/d), and iron (19.0 mg/d). Older adults in southwest China had higher daily intakes of fresh vegetables (260.6 g/d), cooking oil (49.8 g/d), energy (1 821.5 kcal/d), fat (78.8 g/d), and zinc (9.4 mg/d). The prevalence rates of two and three chronic disease comorbidities among older adults were 24.7% and 20.6%, respectively. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed across the seven regions in the prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension combined with neck or lumbar disease, hypertension combined with stomach disease, hypertension combined with diabetes and dyslipidemia, and hypertension combined with hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia.

Regional differences exist in the intake of major foods and dietary nutrients, as well as in the prevalence of certain chronic disease comorbidities, among elderly people in the seven regions of China in 2015.

To construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for public health in hospitals, providing a basis for evaluating the implementation of public health work in hospitals.

An initial draft of the evaluation index system was formulated through a review of relevant literature and policy documents and multiple rounds of thematic discussions by the research team. A two-round Delphi expert consultation method was used to screen the evaluation indicators and construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for public health in hospitals. The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of each indicator, and SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used to analyze expert engagement, authority, and the degree of consensus.

The recovery rate of the expert consultation questionnaires in both rounds was 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.869 and 0.902, respectively, indicating a high level of expert authority. The Kendall′s W coefficients of expert opinion coordination were 0.245 and 0.281, respectively (P < 0.05), indicating good consistency among expert opinions. The constructed comprehensive evaluation index system for public health in hospitals includes three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators, and 25 third-level indicators. The first-level indicators are organizational resources, business processes, and disciplinary development, with weights of 0.257, 0.451, and 0.292, respectively. The weight distribution of each indicator is reasonable.

The comprehensive evaluation index system for public health in hospitals constructed in this study has good scientific validity and reliability and can provide a reference for the scientific evaluation of public health work in hospitals.

To understand and analyze the experiences and challenges of Beijing city in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 epidemic, providing references for improving the prevention and control practices and policy-making of infectious disease pandemics in megacities in the future.

From October 2023 to February 2024, 21 staff members from Beijing's health administrative departments, professional disease prevention and control institutions, medical and health institutions, professional public health institutions, and community health service centers were invited for key informant interviews. Thematic framework analysis was used to process and analyze the interview data.

Through the analysis of 21 qualitative data sets, two major themes emerged: experiences and challenges in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing, covering 11 primary indicators and 39 secondary indicators. Specific aspects include the construction of a multi-level joint command and management system, improvement of the top-level design for public health emergencies, optimization of the medical and health service system, clarification of the four-party responsibility mechanism for infectious disease prevention and control, creation of a "specialist-led, specialist-community integrated" model, and improvement of the information transmission and communication mechanism. However, there were also challenges, such as the need to strengthen the connection between policy and system changes, the relatively lagging development of informatization, and deficiencies in epidemiological investigation, tracing, and close contact management.

The epidemic prevention and control in Beijing is of great significance. Relevant institutions or departments should pay attention to the effective connection between new and old iterations of policies and systems, improve the normalized infectious disease surveillance and early warning system, strengthen the construction of epidemiological investigation teams and the mechanism for switching between normal and emergency situations, and enhance the level of informatization.

To analyze the characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in Hebei province from 2018 to 2022 and to evaluate the safety of these vaccines.

AEFI cases following HPV vaccination in Hebei province from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, were collected through the AEFI surveillance module of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics and reported incidence of AEFI.

A total of 128 HPV vaccine AEFI cases were reported in Hebei province from 2018 to 2022, with an average annual reported incidence of 3.03/100 000 doses. The reported incidences of AEFI for the bivalent, quadrivalent, and 9-valent HPV vaccines (HPV2, HPV4, and HPV9, respectively) were 2.39/100 000 doses, 3.61/100 000 doses, and 3.38/100 000 doses, respectively. The AEFI reporting rate for HPV2 was lower than that for HPV4 (χ²=3.931, P<0.05). The reported incidences of general vaccine reactions for HPV2, HPV4, and HPV9 were 2.22/100 000 doses, 2.63/100 000 doses, and 2.74/100 000 doses, respectively. The reported incidences of local redness and swelling and fever were both higher than that of local induration (χ²=12.500, 5.918, both P<0.05). The reported incidences of rare reactions were 0.11/100 000 doses, 0.60/100 000 doses, and 0.55/100 000 doses for HPV2, HPV4, and HPV9, respectively. The incidence of vaccine reactions for both HPV4 and HPV9 were higher than that for HPV2 (χ²=5.763, 4.705, both P<0.05). All AEFI cases related to HPV vaccines recovered or improved, with a good overall outcome.

The reported incidences of AEFI for HPV vaccines in Hebei province were within acceptable limits, indicating good overall safety.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023 and provide scientific evidence for developing JE prevention and control strategies.

JE incidence data from 2012 to 2023 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were collected through the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software.

A total of 168 JE cases were reported in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.030/100 000. Seven deaths occurred, resulting in a case fatality rate of 4.17%. The incidence rate decreased from 0.153/100 000 (71 cases) in 2012 to 0.006/100 000 (3 cases) in 2023. Among the cases, 107 were male (average annual incidence rate 0.036/100 000) and 61 were female (average annual incidence rate 0.022/100 000). JE cases exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, mainly concentrated between June and July each year, accounting for 77.38% of the total cases. Cases were sporadic and mainly distributed in Hechi city (37 cases, 22.02%), Yulin city (31 cases, 18.45%), Guigang city (22 cases, 13.10%), Baise city (20 cases, 11.90%), Laibin city (11 cases, 6.55%), and Hezhou city (11 cases, 6.55%), accounting for 78.57% of the total cases. The majority of cases (164, 97.62%) were among individuals aged 0–14 years. The primary occupations of the cases were students (80 cases, 47.62%), scattered children (71 cases, 42.26%), and children in nurseries (14 cases, 8.33%). Among the cases, 44 (26.19%) had a history of JE vaccination, while 124 (73.81%) had no vaccination history or unknown vaccination status.

Both the incidence and case fatality rates of JE in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are relatively low, indicating effective control of the disease. Children aged 0–14 years are the key target population for prevention and control. Continued efforts should be made to promote JE vaccination and strengthen health education among key populations in key areas.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Liaoning province and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of related diseases.

Epidemiological analysis was conducted on foodborne disease surveillance data from 2014 to 2023 in Liaoning province. Spatial autocorrelation and spatiotemporal analyses were used to explore the temporal and spatial clustering of cases.

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 208 455 cases of foodborne diseases were reported in Liaoning province, with an incidence rate of 48.94/100 000 population and a hospitalization rate of 9.58%. Foodborne diseases were most prevalent from June to September. Dalian city and Shenyang city reported the highest number of cases, with 39 073 and 33 720 cases, respectively. The male-to-female ratio of reported cases was approximately 1 : 1.05. The 25–44 age group had the highest number of reported cases (65 679 cases, accounting for 31.51%), while the 0-year age group had the highest incidence rate (164.12/100 000 population). Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran′s I index of foodborne diseases in Liaoning province was 0.163 6, indicating significant regional aggregation. Spatiotemporal scanning with a monthly cycle identified four clusters centered in Dandong city, Dalian city, Shenyang city, and Fuxin city, respectively.

Foodborne diseases in Liaoning province are prevalent in summer, and cases are mainly concentrated in coastal areas and areas with high population density, exhibiting significant spatiotemporal clustering. Targeted health education and strengthened supervision are recommended to reduce the number of cases in key areas and during key months.

To investigate the incidence and trends of early syphilis in Shandong province and provide references for syphilis prevention and control.

Data for this study were obtained from the China Public Health Science Data Center. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in incidence rates, and age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort.

From 2006 to 2020, the incidence of early syphilis in Shandong province initially increased and then decreased. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) for primary and secondary syphilis was 6.02% and 6.25%, respectively. The proportion of cases in the 0–19 and ≥60 age groups has been increasing. Age-period-cohort analysis showed that the 20–24 age group had the highest incidence of early syphilis, with incidence rates of 10.47/100 000 and 16.67/100 000 for primary and secondary syphilis, respectively. The risk of disease first increased and then decreased over time. With the progression of birth cohorts, the risk of disease continued to increase, peaking in 2006–2010, with relative risks (RR) of 6.38 and 8.58 for primary and secondary syphilis, respectively.

The incidence of early syphilis in Shandong province showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The 20–24 age group had the highest risk of disease, and the proportion of cases in the 0–19 and ≥60 age groups has been increasing.