To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in influenza-like cases in Guizhou province, and analyze the VP4/VP2 gene features and variation patterns of HRV.

A total of 8 451 throat swabs were collected from influenza-like cases in Guizhou province from 2023 to 2024. Multiplex fluorescent quantitative PCR was employed to detect 11 common pathogens: HRV, influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), adenovirus (ADV), human common coronavirus (HCoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), enterovirus (EV), human bocavirus (HBoV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). SPSS 22 was used for χ²/Fisher test on the detection rates of various pathogens. The HRV-positive samples were selected for VP4/VP2 gene sequencing, and MEGA was used for VP4/VP2 gene typing and phylogenetic analysis.

A total of 3 602 positive samples for 11 common pathogens were detected, with a total positive rate of 42.62%. SARS-CoV-2 showed the highest single-pathogen detection rate (6.63%), followed by HRV (6.41%). The detection rate of HRV varied among age groups (P < 0.001), being the highest in the age group of 0–4 years old (8.33%) and the lowest in the age group of ≥ 60 years old (2.02%). In addition, the detection rate of HRV varied among different seasons (P < 0.001), being the highest in autumn (9.20%) and the lowest in summer (4.03%). The detection rate of mixed infections of HRV was 1.93%, and the mixed infection of HRV and EV had the highest detection rate at 0.56%. A total of 42 HRV VP4/VP2 gene sequences were obtained, comprising 32 sequences of HRV-A, 2 sequences of HRV-B, and 8 sequences of HRV-C.

HRV is one of the main pathogens causing influenza-like cases in Guizhou province during 2023–2024, and HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C coexist as the common species.

To evaluate the effectiveness of information interventions based on the social processes framework in promoting influenza vaccination acceptance among adults aged 18 years and older, and to explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions.

Between January 29 and February 4, 2021, an online survey was conducted among 3 345 adults aged 18 years and above in Guichi district, Chizhou city; Yuhuatai district, Nanjing city; and Changning district, Shanghai city. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health status, perceived susceptibility to and severity of influenza, influenza vaccine awareness, and influenza vaccination history for the 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 influenza seasons. Participants were also exposed to an embedded, framework-based intervention containing information about influenza, and their intention to receive influenza vaccine in the next season was measured both before and after the intervention. McNemar-Bower tests and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the intervention′s effect and its factors.

Of the 3 345 participants, 89.30% rated their health as good; 15.81% perceived high susceptibility to influenza; 64.16% perceived influenza as a serious threat; 55.46% reported awareness of influenza vaccines; and 15.67% reported having received an influenza vaccine in the past two seasons. At the individual level, there was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of vaccination intentions before and after the intervention (P<0.01). At the population level, the proportion of adult participants willing to be vaccinated in the next influenza season increased from 40.93% to 63.38% after the intervention. Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that residing in Chizhou city, being female, having an annual household income of 60 000 RMB or above, lower perceived susceptibility to influenza, lower influenza vaccine awareness, and no history of influenza vaccination were associated with increased acceptance to receive influenza vaccines after the intervention (P<0.05).

Information interventions based on the social processes framework can significantly improve influenza vaccination acceptance among adults. City of residence, sex, annual household income, perceived susceptibility to influenza, influenza vaccine awareness, and influenza vaccination history are factors influencing the effectiveness of these interventions.

To understand the current status of economic evaluation research on influenza vaccination in key locations, and to provide scientific evidence for residents and policymakers regarding influenza vaccination economics.

We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, Web of Science, and PubMed databases to collect relevant Chinese and English literature published between March 12, 1982, and November 5, 2024, on the economic evaluation of influenza vaccination in key locations. We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze the current research status of economic evaluations of influenza vaccines for populations in key locations.

This study included 21 studies, involving eight countries: the United States, Korea, the Netherlands, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Finland, and Thailand. Seven studies focusing on hospitals indicated that influenza vaccination in hospitals is cost-effective. Five studies focusing on childcare facilities and primary/secondary schools showed that influenza vaccination for children in these settings is cost-effective. Three studies focusing on nursing homes demonstrated that influenza vaccination for the elderly in these settings is cost-effective. Of the four studies focusing on workplaces, three indicated that influenza vaccination for healthy employees is cost-effective. Additionally, one study from Thailand focusing on prisons found that influenza vaccination for inmates is cost-effective, while one study from Finland focusing on households found that influenza vaccination for housewives was not cost-effective.

Influenza vaccination in key locations is generally cost-effective. Economic evaluations of influenza vaccination in key locations should be conducted based on national influenza vaccination cost and influenza disease burden data to provide references for relevant decision-making.

To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis C elimination by medical and preventive integration in hospital for the screening, treatment, and follow-up of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody-positive cases and provide a scientific basis and reference for formulating simple, feasible, and promotable strategies for eliminating the hazard of hepatitis C in hospital.

A quasi-experimental before-after study was carried out in the People′s Hospital of Yuxi City in Yunnan province. The first phase was conducted from July to September 2023, led by the hospital to investigate 22 538 cases of HCV screening in the hospital. The second phase was conducted from October to December 2023 jointly by the hospital, center for disease control and prevention, civil affairs bureau to investigate 19 582 cases of HCV screening in the hospital. In this study, the data of HCV antibody screening, HCV RNA testing, HCV RNA positivity, HCV treatment completion for those receiving treatment, and follow-up 12 weeks post-treatment were collected regarding different genders, ages, and sample sources in the two phases. The effectiveness of HCV RNA testing, treatment, and follow-up were compared between the two phases.

In the People′s Hospital of Yuxi City from July to December 2023, the HCV antibody-positive rate was 0.79% (332/42 120) in HCV screening cases. The HCV RNA testing rate of HCV antibody-positive cases was 61.14% (203/332). The treatment rate of HCV RNA-positive cases was 64.42% (67/104), and the follow-up rate of 12 weeks post-treatment was 81.82% (54/66). The HCV antibody-positivity rate, HCV RNA testing rate of HCV RNA-positive cases, treatment rate of HCV RNA-positive cases, and follow-up rate of 12 weeks post-treatment in the first and second phases were 0.82% (185/22 538) and 0.75% (147/19 582), 36.76% (68/185) and 91.84% (135/147), 37.14% (13/35) and 78.26% (54/69), and 58.33% (7/12) and 87.04% (47/54), respectively. Excepted that the HCV antibody-positive rate showed no statistically significant difference between the two phases (P > 0.05), the HCV RNA testing rate of HCV RNA-positive cases, treatment rate of HCV RNA-positive cases, and follow-up rate of 12 weeks post-treatment in the second phase were higher than those in the first phase (all P < 0.05).

The hepatitis C elimination by medical and preventive integration in hospital can significantly increase the HCV RNA testing rate, treatment rate, and follow-up rate of HCV RNA-positive cases, thus helping eliminate the hazards of hepatitis C in hospital.

To systematically analyze the integrated surveillance data of hepatitis C (HC) in Shanghai and provide a scientific basis for the elimination of HC.

The reported HC cases, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes, and sentinel surveillance data were collected based on the integrated HC surveillance work in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023. The incidence trend, distribution, HCV genotypes, and high-risk/key populations of HC in Shanghai were analyzed.

The reported incidences of acute and chronic HC in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023 were 0.04/100 000 and 6.93/100 000, respectively. The reported chronic cases were mainly males, middle-aged and elderly people, and downtown residents. Genotypes 1b (40.36%), 3b (14.80%), 3a (11.43%), 6a (10.09%), and 6n (6.05%) were the principal subtypes of HCV. The HCV antibody-positive rate in drug users, family members of HC patients, and people who died of liver disease were 31.88%, 10.00%, and 6.00%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in other high-risk/key populations. The departments of hepatology (4.79%), traditional Chinese medicine/acupuncture and moxibustion (2.53%), general outpatient (1.85%), hemodialysis (1.58%), and infectious diseases (1.41%) were the key departments of medical institutions with higher HCV-antibody positive rates.

HC was low-epidemic in Shanghai from 2020 to 2023, with higher infection rates observed among drug users and family members of HC patients. Optimization of the integrated surveillance system for HC is of great value for understanding the epidemiological characteristics, infection status of high-risk/key populations, rational allocation of medical and health resources, and promoting the elimination of HC.

To investigate the genotype distribution and drug resistance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Guangzhou. Methods Plasma samples were collected from 99 IDUs diagnosed with HCV infection between August 2023 and January 2024. RNA was extracted, and the non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) region was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic trees were constructed via the maximum likelihood method in MEGA11.0.13 software, and the sequences were uploaded to the HCV resistance surveillance database for drug resistance site analysis.

Among the 99 HCV-infected IDUs, 86 were male and 13 were female, with 89.89% (89) of the cases aged over 50 years. A total of 96 NS5B sequences were obtained, revealing four genotypes: 6a, 3a, 1b, and 3b, which accounted for 45.83%, 30.21%, 20.83%, and 3.13%, respectively. The distribution of the four genotypes showed statistically significant differences among male IDUs. All 1b genotype sequences carried the clinically proven drug resistance mutation C316N.

The predominant HCV genotype among IDUs in Guangzhou is 6a, with complex sources of genotype introduction. The prevalence of genotypes differs between male and female IDUs, and middle-aged and elderly IDUs are a key population for HCV infection. Additionally, increased attention should be paid to the drug resistance of the 1b genotype.

To investigate the relationship between blood pressure levels and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Chinese adults, and to provide evidence-based references for formulating targeted hypertension prevention strategies for populations with different blood pressure levels.

This study included a total of 36 426 adults aged 18 years and older without a history of AMI event. Participants were recruited from 60 monitoring sites in 11 provinces: Hebei, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Shaanxi. Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected from September to December 2010 during the Third China Chronic Disease Surveillance Survey and were used to categorize participants into groups. Follow-up assessments for AMI incidence were conducted from October 2016 to April 2017. We analyzed the association between baseline blood pressure levels and AMI risk using a multivariable Cox regression model.

As of April 2017, 8 929 of the original 36 426 participants were lost to follow-up, resulting in a loss-to-follow-up rate of 24.51%. After excluding 541 deaths due to other diseases and 162 cases with missing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference data, the final analysis included 26794 participants. A total of 160 386.38 person-years were observed, with an average follow-up period of 5.99 ± 0.89 years. During this period, there were 256 cases of AMI, resulting in an AMI incidence density of 159.60 per 100 000 person-years and a cumulative incidence of 955.40 per 100 000 person-years. The proportions of participants in the four blood pressure groups were as follows: 62.92% (16 858) had normal blood pressure; 14.56% (3 901) had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH); 3.81% (1 022) had isolated diastolic hypertension; and 18.71% (5 013) had systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). The cumulative counts of AMI events in these groups were 101, 62, 7, and 86, with respective incidence rates of 599.12, 1 589.34, 684.93, and 1 715.54 per 100 000 person-years. The differences in AMI incidence rates among the subgroups were statistically significant (χ² = 70.576, P < 0.001). In contrast, the proportions of participants in the four groups categorized by hypertension severity were as follows: 62.92% (16 858) had normal blood pressure; 22.07% (5 913) had stage 1 (mild) hypertension; 10.07% (2 699) had stage 2 (moderate) hypertension; and 4.94% (1 324) had stage 3 (severe) hypertension. There were 101, 76, 45, and 34 observed AMI events in these groups, with respective incidence rates of 599.12, 1 285.30, 1 667.28, and 2 567.98 per 100 000 person-years (χ² = 80.247, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, including gender, age, education level, marital status, residence (urban or rural), annual household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, excessive red meat consumption, physical inactivity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, a multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that individuals with SDH had a 61% higher risk of AMI than individuals with normal blood pressure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–2.21). The risk increased by 60% (HR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.17–2.20) for stage 1 hypertension, 84% (HR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.26–2.68) for stage 2 hypertension, and 120% (HR = 2.20, 95%CI = 1.43–3.38) for stage 3 hypertension.

For Chinese adults, SDH is an independent risk factor for AMI, and the risk of AMI increases with the severity of hypertension.

To analyze the implementation status of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases in public hospitals in China, providing decision-making reference for formulating and improving the policy of treatment-prevention integration for infectious diseases.

From March to June 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current implementation status of treatment-prevention integration in 296 general hospitals and 15 infectious disease hospitals in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in eastern, central, and western China.

Among the surveyed hospitals, 45.37% established internal policies related to treatment-prevention integration, and 64.19% of general hospitals and 60% of infectious disease hospitals had independent public health departments. Among general hospitals, 56.76% had infection departments focusing primarily on treatment with limited prevention work, while 19.59% had infection departments with balanced treatment and prevention tasks (each 50%). Most (98.99%) of general hospitals and all infectious disease hospitals received supervision and guidance from disease control agencies for infectious disease prevention and control. The public health work in 65.20% of general hospitals and 66.67% of infectious disease hospitals was included in performance evaluation. A proportion of general hospitals (47.64%) and infectious disease hospitals (86.67%) participated in different types of medical alliances. Over 90% of hospitals had only partial or no functional linkage between their information systems and those of disease control agencies.

Medical institutions are increasingly emphasizing treatment-prevention integration, while there is a lack of top-level design and specific planning. The motivation for integration between institutions remains insufficient, and the fulfillment of public health responsibilities within institutions is inadequate. The functional roles of different organizational models for treatment-prevention integration for infectious disease need further clarification. The linkage in resource-sharing information systems requires improvement.

To investigate the roles of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the occurrence of fetal distress due to exposure to stressful life events in late pregnancy.

From December 2021 to June 2023, a cohort of 482 women in late pregnancy was recruited from the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. A self-designed questionnaire was employed to collect data of general maternal health. The Pregnancy Life Events Scale was adopted to quantify stressful life events, and blood samples were collected for metabolic biomarker measurement. Participants were followed through delivery, and the obstetric outcomes were recorded. R 4.3.0 was used for descriptive statistics, LASSO regression analysis, binary logistic regression analysis, and Spearman correlation analysis. A chain-mediated effect model was constructed in SPSS AU to evaluate the associations of exposure to stressful life events in late pregnancy, TyG-BMI, and RBP with fetal distress. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings.

The incidence of exposure to stressful life events among women in late pregnancy was 31.54%, and that of fetal distress was 13.07%. Stressful life events, RBP, TyG-BMI, and anxiety were significant predictors of fetal distress. Logistic regression results showed that pregnant women exposed to stressful life events had a 2.10-fold higher risk of fetal distress compared with those without exposure (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.06–4.16). For every one-unit increase in TyG-BMI, the risk of fetal distress increased by 1% (OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.01–1.02). For every 1 mg/L increase in RBP, the risk of fetal distress decreased by 5% (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92–0.98), indicating that RBP may have a protective effect against fetal distress. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between TyG-BMI and RBP (r = 0.177, P < 0.001). Chain-mediate effect analysis showed that TyG-BMI had a complete mediating effect on the impact of stressful life events on fetal distress through RBP, with a total indirect effect value of −0.001.

Exposure to stressful life events in late pregnancy has a complete mediating effect on fetal distress through TyG-BMI and RBP, and RBP may play a protective role between insulin resistance in late pregnancy and fetal distress.