To develop an assessment tool for health consumption literacy and evaluate its reliability and validity.

From January to March 2024, a theoretical framework and an initial item pool were established through literature review. The Delphi method was employed to screen indicators, and the analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate weights of indicators. In April 2024, an online survey was conducted among 3 053 Chinese residents aged 18 and above to test the reliability and validity of the scale.

The final health consumption literacy scale consisted of 5 primary indicators and 20 secondary indicators after two rounds of Delphi consultation. In the first round, the mean scores for relevance, importance, and feasibility of indicators were 4.70, 4.61, and 4.36, with coefficients of variation of 0.12, 0.12, and 0.14, respectively. In the second round, the corresponding mean scores were 4.62, 4.28, and 4.45, with coefficients of variation of 0.12, 0.14, and 0.13. Kendall′s W coefficients of expert opinions were all significant (P < 0.05), indicating good concordance. The 3 053 residents aged over 18 surveyed nationwide showed that the total average scale score was 77.37 ± 11.06. Reliability and validity tests indicated that the Cronbach′s α coefficient of the health consumption literacy scale was 0.911, with a split-half reliability of 0.898. The incremental fit indices included IFI at 0.939, TLI at 0.927, and CFI at 0.939.

The health consumption literacy scale developed in this study has good reliability and validity and can serve as an effective tool for assessing health consumption literacy among Chinese residents.

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Falls Behavioural Scale for Older People (FaB) among community-dwelling older adults in China, thus providing a sound instrument for assessing fall risk in this population.

The FaB was translated and culturally adapted by a translation–back translation–expert review procedure. In August 2025, a total of 113 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years were randomly selected from Jiangyin city, Wuxi city, Jiangsu province to complete the Chinese version of the FaB. Item analysis and Cronbach′s α coefficient were employed to assess reliability. Content validity index (CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were employed to examine validity.

Item analysis showed that all the 24 items of the Chinese version of the FaB demonstrated good discriminative power, with critical ratio (CR) values > 3.0 (t = 15.289, P < 0.001) and coefficients of variation (CV) > 25%. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.851, indicating good internal consistency reliability. For content validity, the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.89 for content relevance, 0.93 for clarity of expression, and 0.96 for cultural appropriateness. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, 0.56 to 1.00, and 0.67 to 1.00 across the three dimensions, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.711 and Bartlett′s test of sphericity indicated statistically significant differences (χ² = 986.722, P < 0.001), indicating suitability for factor analysis. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted seven common factors: situational behavioral regulation, proactive protective behavior, environmental vigilance and adaptation, body stability management, risky daily behaviors, planned safety habits, and high-reach risk coping and social learning. The cumulative variance explained was 64.58%, demonstrating good structural validity.

The Chinese version of the FaB exhibits good reliability and validity. It comprehensively reflects fall-related behavioral characteristics in daily life and is suitable for assessing fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in China.

To investigate the effects of sanitary toilet improvements for early childhood on long-term health outcomes among rural children in China, thus providing empirical evidence for informing future health policies targeting children in rural areas.

This study utilized longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) spanning the period from 1991 to 2015, examining 2 929 rural children aged 7–18 years with documented information on their sanitary toilet improvements during early childhood (ages 3–6). A two-level mixed-effects model was employed to assess the health effects of sanitary toilet improvements. Additionally, a multilevel mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether improvements in household sanitary environment mediated the relationship between sanitary toilet improvements and children′s long-term health outcomes.

The height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) for the 2 929 rural children aged 7–18 years ranged from –5.73 to 5.02, with a mean of –0.61 ± 1.25. Among these children, 982 (33.5%) received sanitary toilet improvements during ages 3–6, while 1 063 children (36.3%) experienced fecal contamination exposure in their household sanitary environment. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that receiving sanitary toilet improvements during early childhood (ages 3–6) enhanced long-term health outcomes (β = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.06–0.37, P = 0.006). The health benefits were more pronounced among children from families with lower per capita household income than among their higher-income counterparts (β = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.01–0.67, P = 0.041). Children from nuclear families experienced smaller health gains from sanitary toilet improvements than those from non-nuclear families (β = –0.38, 95%CI: –0.70 to –0.07, P = 0.018). Within the same household, the health-promoting effects of sanitary toilet improvements diminished as children grew older (β = –0.25, 95%CI: –0.42 to –0.08, P = 0.004). Mediation analyses demonstrated that sanitary toilet improvements indirectly affected child health through improved household sanitary environment (β = –0.071, P = 0.019), with better household sanitary environment promoting health development (β = –0.174, P < 0.001). Age functioned as a negative moderator in the pathway linking household sanitary environment improvements to child health (β = 0.126, P = 0.013). Spillover effect analyses indicated that sanitary toilet improvements by other households in the village generated positive spillover effects on children′s health (β = 0.257, P = 0.001).

Sanitary toilet improvements for early childhood in rural areas of China promote long-term health outcomes among children, with health benefits mediated through improvements in household sanitary environment.

To identify global research hotspots and trends in Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETP) and provide insights for FETP in China.

Literature published between January 1999 and September 2025, affiliated with or funded by FETP, was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in CiteSpace to examine the publication volume, country/region distribution, authors, keywords, and citation patterns.

A total of 1 388 relevant publications were included, and the annual publications showed an overall increasing trend and peaked in 2024 (n = 130). Sweden (30.7%, 426/1 388), the United States (21.8%, 303/1 388), and the United Kingdom (15.4%, 214/1 388) were the primary contributors. A global collaboration network was formed, centered around the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Within author collaboration networks, only Canadian FETP scholars formed a core cluster, indicating limited international collaboration. Keyword analysis revealed that FETP research hotspots focused on infectious disease epidemiology, outbreak investigation, and vaccine effectiveness evaluation. The evolutionary trend shifted from early infectious disease investigation (2010–2014) to transmission mechanisms and emergency response (2014–2019), with recent research focusing on public health system strengthening, vaccine effectiveness, and antimicrobial resistance (2019–2025). Co-citation analysis identified core journals, including Emerging Infectious Diseases (473 citations), The Lancet (464 citations), and PLoS One (450 citations). Highly cited publications primarily addressed emerging infectious disease responses and vaccine effectiveness evaluation.

FETP research has expanded from disease investigation to global public health capacity building. Future efforts should be made to strengthen international collaboration, integrate advanced technologies, and enhance training frameworks comprehensively.

To analyze the mortality characteristics, life loss status, and temporal trends of four major types of chronic diseases (malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes mellitus) in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2022, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of these diseases in the region.

A total of 77 582 death case records were collected from 10 national-level mortality surveillance sites in the Mortality Surveillance System of Qinghai Province during 2015–2022. Indicators including crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), age-specific mortality rate (ASMR), avoidable potential years of life lost (PYLL), avoidable potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), and avoidable average years of life lost (AYLL) of the four major types of chronic diseases were analyzed. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to describe their temporal trends.

From 2015 to 2022 in Qinghai province, the CMRs, preventable crude mortality rates, and treatable crude mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases all showed an increasing trend (AAPC = 4.363%, 2.047%, and 3.011%, respectively; all P < 0.05), while no statistically significant differences were observed in the trends of SMR, preventable standardized mortality rate, and treatable standardized mortality rate (all P > 0.05). From 2015 to 2022, increases were observed in the CMR, preventable crude mortality rate, and treatable crude mortality rate in males, urban populations, and rural populations, the CMR in females and pastoral populations, and the treatable crude mortality rate in pastoral populations (all P < 0.05). Only the treatable standardized mortality rate of urban populations showed an upward trend (AAPC = 2.853%, P = 0.002). The mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province increased with the increase in age (all P < 0.001), and the avoidable age-specific mortality rate in males was consistently higher than that in females (all P < 0.05). The avoidable mortality rate was the lowest in urban populations across all age groups. The results of the life loss analysis showed that the treatable PYLL and treatable PYLLR of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province from 2015 to 2022 increased, while the preventable AYLL and treatable AYLL decreased (all P < 0.05). From 2015 to 2022, the PYLL in males, as well as the PYLL, preventable PYLL, treatable PYLL, and treatable PYLLR in urban populations increased; the AYLL and preventable AYLL in males, AYLL and treatable AYLL in females, PYLL in rural populations, and AYLL, preventable AYLL, and treatable AYLL in rural and pastoral populations decreased (all P < 0.05).

From 2015 to 2022, the mortality rates of the four major types of chronic diseases in Qinghai province presented an upward trend, and this upward trend became more pronounced with the increase in age. The burden of life loss in urban areas was aggravated, whereas rural and pastoral areas achieved remarkable effects in reducing the average life loss of the population with chronic diseases. Reducing treatable and preventable deaths of the population shall serve as the goal for future prevention and control work

To analyze the trends of mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults (aged 20 to < 60 years) in Chongqing, thus providing suggestions for poisoning prevention and control in this population.

Death cases of accidental poisoning from 2012 to 2024 were obtained from the Chongqing Resident Death Surveillance System. SPSS 25.0 and Excel 2010 were used to calculate indicators including the mortality, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), age-specific mortality, rate of years of life lost (YLL), and average years of life lost (AYLL). Chi-square test was conducted to compare the mortality between different genders and regions. Joinpoint regression was employed to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the trends of the rates.

In Chongqing, the mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults decreased from 3.55/100 000 and 3.41/100 000 in 2012 to 1.30/100 000 and 1.18/100 000 in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.34% and −9.13%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in males was consistently higher than that in females (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 7.45% and 8.11% annually in males and by 10.79% and 11.66% annually in females, respectively (all P < 0.05). The mortality of accidental poisoning in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (all P < 0.05). The mortality and ASMR of accidental poisoning decreased by 11.58% and 11.41% annually in urban areas and by 7.23% and 8.19% annually in rural areas, respectively (all P < 0.05). The rate of YLL and AYLL of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing decreased from 1.61‰ and 45.29 years in 2012 to 0.57‰ and 44.34 years in 2024, with the AAPCs of −8.69% and −0.30%, respectively (both P < 0.05). The top four causes of death due to accidental poisoning were pesticide poisoning, alcohol poisoning, drug poisoning, and organic solvent/gas poisoning in 2012. And in 2024, they were organic solvent/gas poisoning, alcohol poisoning, pesticide poisoning, and drug poisoning. From 2012 to 2024, the proportions of pesticide poisoning and drug poisoning decreased annually by 11.05% and 4.64%, while those of organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning increased annually by 12.78% and 2.26%, respectively (all P < 0.05).

The mortality and disease burden of accidental poisoning among young and middle-aged adults in Chongqing show a downward trend. Males and rural residents are the key populations at risk of death due to accidental poisoning. Organic solvent/gas poisoning and alcohol poisoning are the main causes of death. Targeted interventions should be implemented for key populations and different causes of accidental poisoning.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangdong province, 2020, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.

Data on the incidence and mortality of NPC in the cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were collected from the cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system. The incidence and mortality rates, China age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, world age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC in Guangdong from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Indicators such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years of life lived with disability (YLD) were adopted to evaluate the disease burden of NPC.

In 2020, the incidence rate, China age-standardized incidence rate, and world age-standardized incidence rate of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were 11.52/100 000, 9.70/100 000, and 8.87/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate, China age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were 6.01/100 000, 4.35/100 000, and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates, as well as the age-standardized rates (both China and world) of NPC were higher in males than in females. The incidence rate of NPC was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the China age-standardized incidence rate, world age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, Chinese age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were lower in urban areas than in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province first increased and then decreased with the increase in age. The incidence and mortality rates significantly increased after the ages of 30 and 35, respectively. The highest incidence and mortality rates for males were observed at ages 60–64 (44.05/100 000) and 70–74 (38.24/100 000), respectively. For females, the peak incidence rate was observed at ages 50–54 (12.70/100 000), while the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 70–74 (12.72/100 000). In urban areas, the incidence and mortality rates peaked at ages 60–64 (28.51/100 000) and 70–74 (26.49/100 000), respectively. In rural areas, the highest incidence rate was observed at ages 55–59 (27.66/100 000), and the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 75–79 (24.64/100 000). In 2020, the DALY for NPC in Guangdong was 195 388.20 person-years, with YLL accounting for 96.52% (188 596.89 person-years). The DALY rate was higher in males (296.91/100 000) than in females (88.27/100 000) and higher in rural areas (206.71/100 000) than in urban areas (184.02/100 000). The DALY rate first increased and then declined with the increase in age. The male DALY rate peaked in the 65–69 age group (961.31/100 000), whereas the female DALY rate peaked in the 70–74 age group (277.00/100 000).

The incidence rate, mortality rate, and disease burden of NPC were high in Guangdong province, 2020, showing an initial increase followed by a decline with the increase in age. Males and rural residents should be the key target populations for NPC prevention and control in this region.

To analyze the relationship between the visit intervals of indicator cases and the risk of clustered tuberculosis outbreaks in schools.

A total of 623 indicator cases of pulmonary tuberculosis involved in the pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Guangzhou city, Guangdong province from September 2023 to September 2024 were included for analysis. Restricted cubic splines (RCS), unconditional logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were used to evaluate the relationship between the visit intervals of indicator cases and the risk of clustered tuberculosis outbreaks in schools.

Among 623 tuberculosis indicator cases included in this study, 66 cases were clustered with high-risk outbreaks, and 557 cases were clustered with low-risk outbreaks or had no correlation. The differences in visit interval [41.00（12.00, 104.00）d vs 7.00（0.00, 17.00）d] and positive rate of pathogenic examination (69.70% VS 46.14%) were statistically significant between two groups (Z/χ² = –37.401, 13.108, P < 0.05). When the visit intervals of positive indicator cases in etiological examination exceeded 14 days or that of negative cases exceeded 8 days, the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks in schools showed a linear increasing trend. For every 1 day increase in the visit interval, the possibility of high risk outbreaks in schools increased by 15.50% (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.050–1.680, P < 0.05). When the visit intervals were analyzed by ternary, it was found that with the extension of visit interval, the risk of clustered pulmonary tuberculosis outbreaks in schools increased (Z = 12.520, P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the threshold for predicting the high concentration risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools based on the visit interval was 23 days, AUC was 0.918, 95%CI = 0.829 to 0.964.

The extended visit intervals of indicator cases may be a key early warning indicator for high-risk clustered outbreaks of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools.