To enhance the scientific nature and effectiveness of online emergency language services, based on Hovland's persuasion theory, it identified the factors influencing the effectiveness of online emergency language services, clarified the input and output indicators for evaluating emergency language services, constructed an evaluation system for the effectiveness of online emergency language services during the emergency response phase, and established an evaluation process for the effectiveness of emergency language services. Taking the 6·21 Yinchuan Barbecue Shop Explosion Accident as an example, big data analysis was conducted on the information released by official media on the Weibo platform during the emergency response phase. Five types of media accounts were identified as decision-making units (DMU): emergency (including firefighting) media, public prosecution and law enforcement media, central-level mainstream media, other government media, and local-level media. The date envelopment analysis(DEA) method was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of emergency language services. The results of this study illustrated that the effectiveness of online emergency language service is from high to low for the central-level mainstream media, public prosecution and law enforcement media, emergency (include firefighting) media, other government and local-level media. There is a significant gap between other government and local-level media and the top three types of media in terms of emergency language service effectiveness. Further exploration is needed to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of emergency language services for these media types.

In order to improve the issues that excessive reliance on government physical reserves can lead to high sunk costs when no emergencies occur or high emergency procurement costs due to insufficient supplies. Firstly, the option contract was introduced to construct a hybrid reserve decision-making model for emergency supplies, incorporating social donations into the decision-making framework. Secondly, the selection of optimal hybrid reserve mode and allocation of reserve amount under the option contract mechanism were studied to minimize expected costs of the government. Then, the optimal decision based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and optimal strategies were proposed. The standard implicit functions were obtained for the optimal amount of government physical reserves, contracted enterprise physical reserves, and contracted enterprise production capacity reserves. Finally, taking material donations and financial donations as the key channels for emergency supply provision. A sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations of related parameters were conducted. The effects of option contract premiums, disposal costs of donated materials, and the amount of material and fund donations on optimal reserve strategies and expected costs of the government were explored. The results indicate that the government may flexibly choose whether to execute contracts for reducing expected costs and expanding reserve scale. The increase in procurement costs in the spot market for emergency supplies enhances the sensitivity of expected costs of the government to changes in demand. The government should actively guide social forces to participate in emergency rescue and flexibly adjust donation strategies according to the intensity of emergencies.

Emergency medical material reserve of a certain scale is established for the realization of the army's rapid response service guarantee capability. In order to study the moral risk caused by the asymmetry of information on the effort level between the army and the storage enterprises in the process of emergency medical material production capacity reserve, the military representative's mid-term supervision system was introduced into the design of the reserve incentive mechanism in combination with the characteristics of the army, and a two-stage incentive model was constructed to analyze the influence of the enterprise's effort level and the mid-term supervision of the military representative on the incentive effect, and to make a comparison with the situation of no mid-term supervision. The results show that the military medium-term supervision system has a significant incentive effect on the storage enterprises, can effectively inhibit the lazy behavior of the enterprises and enhance the effectiveness of emergency material protection, thus providing decision support for the formulation of incentive policies for the army production capacity reserve under the condition of asymmetric information.

To prevent WMSDs among the working population in member states, the European Union (EU) conducted special surveys from various perspectives and implemented ergonomic prevention measures. In accordance with the principle of random sampling, participants were selected. Surveys were conducted among occupational populations in different industries according to unified requirements and covered aspects, such as prevalence of WMSDs, causative factors, industry distribution characteristics and various targeted ergonomic prevention measures. The results showed that prevalence of WMSDs varied between 40%-79% in EU-28. Among the common physical risk factors, there were repetitive hand or arm movements, keyboard operations repetitive movements, working in tiring or painful positions, etc. There were many organizational and social psychological risk factors, such as work-related stress, the pace of work, working at high speed, etc. The ergonomics preventive measures included using equipment to help with lifting or moving, providing training on how to lift and move heavy loads, and provision of ergonomic equipment, etc. The findings show that prevalence of WMSDs is higher. There are many influencing factors. The more WMSDs ergonomics preventive measures are taken, the better the preventive effect.

In order to enhance safety in production, a human injury mechanism of operation was studied based on the principles of human BES. A safety model for human factors in operations was integrated from biological energy and the functional capabilities of biological tissues. The energies interacting with the human body were categorized into four types: the ingested energy, the activity energy, the substance energy in production and the energy from surrounding. The way they influenced the operation safety was analyzed. Based on injury consequence state, the characterization function of human injury degree was constructed, and mechanism of human injury under the action of substance energy was revealed. It shows that the abnormality of substances and energies in production operation produces overaction in the human body and leads to the blockage or imbalance of biological energy activities, which results in biological tissue damage and loss of function. This is the root cause of human injury. The substances and energies which interact with the human body come from external surroundings and internal (e.g. the body's biological energy). All the root causes of occupational health injury and production safety injury can be traced to energy interactions. That helps us to form a unified mechanism of human injury theoretically.

To enhance the recovery, learning, and renewal capabilities of IEMS, an ecological perspective was adopted to systematically analyze its connotation, structure, characteristics, and operation mechanisms. By examining the niche control process and ecosystem properties, the dynamic evolution, synergistic symbiosis, information dependence, and openness of IEMS were revealed. Based on the principle of adaptability, an intelligent emergency collaboration body was constructed, emphasizing the importance of multi-agent synergy. Furthermore, resource allocation and response processes were optimized through fractal theory and a dual-chain operational optimization strategy, thereby improving the system's operational efficiency and resilience. Ultimately, a "five-dimension" pattern was established to jointly shape the system's self-learning mechanism. The results show that, from an ecological perspective, IEMS maintains systemic stability through niche control and transforms from passive defense to proactive response through its self-adaptive, self-organizing, self-correcting, and self-learning characteristics.

In order to systematically analyze the behavioral safety risks of contractors in oil and gas pipeline projects and improve the scientificity and standardization of risk assessment work, a contractor behavioral safety risk assessment model was constructed based on the concept of full life cycle management, integrating the three key elements of the safety management system, behavior and status. The weights of indicators at all levels were determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a quantitative scoring mechanism was established. The model was verified by cases such as the Yixian sub-transmission station, the Beijing branch water conservation project, and the Linxian operation area sewage treatment system replacement project. The results show that typical problems in the stages of business selection and pre-entry preparation, project construction, project end and completion include incomplete construction plans, unclear personnel responsibilities, missing safety supervision records, and low training coverage. The assessment model can identify and classify different types of risks and clarify their distribution characteristics throughout the life cycle. The behavioral safety risks of oil and gas pipeline contractors have different manifestations at different stages. There is a significant correlation between organizational behavior and management status, and risks are prone to concentrate on the weak links of stage connection and management chain.

To verify the impact of drivers' evasive actions on injuries of two-wheeler riders and to identify the conditions under which evasive maneuvers fail or even exacerbate the injuries, based on data from China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS), NSGA-II was first used to simulate and optimize the reconstruction of accident scenes. Vehicle speed and two-wheeler speed data at the moment of collision were extracted. A research dataset consisting of independent variables, dependent variables, and 11 covariates was constructed. Simulation-derived variables and investigation-based data fields were integrated to serve as the foundational data for modeling. Secondly, two causal inference methods were adopted, namely the propensity score (PS) weighting - regression analysis combination method considering positive hypotheses and covariate adjustment (inverse probability weighting (IPW) and overlap probability weighting (OW)), to infer the causality between evasive actions and injury severity, and to compare the inter-group balance after processing by IPW, OW and unweighted regression methods. Finally, the causal effect of drivers' evasive actions on the injury severity of two-wheeler riders under different conditions was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that, in general, the evasive actions currently adopted by drivers cannot effectively reduce the injury severity of riders. When the vehicle types are commercial vehicles and the motor vehicle traveling at medium to high speeds, taking evasive driving actions tends to aggravates the injuries of riders. Among these actions, steering maneuvers is more likely to increase the severity of rider injuries.

In order to enhance the precision of the criteria for identifying major accident hazards, an evaluation method for major accident hazards based on ATA was proposed. This method systematically applied evaluation tools such as the risk matrix and accident tree analysis to determine high-risk and above accidents through accident risk classification and used as the top event for ATA. The accident tree was simplified using Boolean algebra rules to obtain the ranking of the structural importance of each basic event that could induce the accident. According to the "80/20 Rule", the top 20% of basic events with the highest structural importance were identified to determine the core events that could lead to the accident, which were then regarded as major accident hazards for precise control. A case study on high-rise building fires was conducted for validation. The results demonstrate that the failure of the automatic fire alarm system has the highest structural importance in the fire accident tree of high-rise buildings through ATA. It should be judged as a major fire hazard clause of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the evaluation method for major accident hazards based on accident tree analysis can effectively determine the criteria for identifying major accident hazards.

This study investigated the construction pathway of the overall safety and emergency response framework by strengthening its theoretical connections with industrial safety governance. Focusing on the mining industry, this study conducted discourse analysis on mine work safety policies using ROST CM6 software. Through six chronological phases, lexical cluster statistics and semantic network mapping were systematically performed to reveal the evolutionary trajectory of policy discourse. The results show that three discourse paradigms of "safety", "emergency" and "risk" exhibit diachronic iteration, which respectively realize the functions of policy continuity, domain expansion and theoretical innovation. These paradigms synergistically integrate through functional complementarity, ultimately forming a unified discourse system centered on comprehensive safety and emergency governance. The research validates the theoretical logic underlying the framework's formation and highlights its significance in deepening disciplinary connotation and advancing interdisciplinary boundaries.