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To verify the impact of drivers' evasive actions on injuries of two-wheeler riders and to identify the conditions under which evasive maneuvers fail or even exacerbate the injuries, based on data from China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS), NSGA-II was first used to simulate and optimize the reconstruction of accident scenes. Vehicle speed and two-wheeler speed data at the moment of collision were extracted. A research dataset consisting of independent variables, dependent variables, and 11 covariates was constructed. Simulation-derived variables and investigation-based data fields were integrated to serve as the foundational data for modeling. Secondly, two causal inference methods were adopted, namely the propensity score (PS) weighting - regression analysis combination method considering positive hypotheses and covariate adjustment (inverse probability weighting (IPW) and overlap probability weighting (OW)), to infer the causality between evasive actions and injury severity, and to compare the inter-group balance after processing by IPW, OW and unweighted regression methods. Finally, the causal effect of drivers' evasive actions on the injury severity of two-wheeler riders under different conditions was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that, in general, the evasive actions currently adopted by drivers cannot effectively reduce the injury severity of riders. When the vehicle types are commercial vehicles and the motor vehicle traveling at medium to high speeds, taking evasive driving actions tends to aggravates the injuries of riders. Among these actions, steering maneuvers is more likely to increase the severity of rider injuries.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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