To examine the association between exposure to ambient PM_2.5 chemical components and semen quality in Southwest China.

We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate 1 105 sperm donors who lived in Sichuan Province, China and underwent semen examination in Sichuan Province human sperm bank from October 2019 to December 2021. Exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and its chemical components in lag 0-90 d, lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d and lag 70-90 d were assessed by extracting monthly PM_2.5 and its chemical components values from a few validated grid datasets at each subject’s residential address. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PM_2.5 and its chemical components. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the relationship between exposure to PM_2.5 chemical components and semen quality parameters.

PM_2.5 is highly positively correlated with its chemical components. PM_2.5, NH₄⁺, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, OM, and BC exposures were significantly associated with decreased total motility (P<0.05). OM exposure was significantly associated with decreased in sperm progressive motility (P<0.05), and the mean change in sperm progressive motility was -1.166 (95%CI: -2.174 - -0.171) for per IQR (3.1 μg/m³) increase in OM.

PM_2.5 and its chemical components are risk factors for sperm total motility.

To analyze the incidence trend of cancer from 2015 to 2020 in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for prevention and control of cancer.

Based on the cancer-related case information data on the Homepage of medical records in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, the crude incidence rate was calculated, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) of incidence rates was analyzed with Joinpoint 4.2.0.1.

The new cancer cases in Sichuan Province increased from 181 490 in 2015 to 276 770 in 2020, and the incidence rate increased from 198.57/10⁵ in 2015 to 304.76/10⁵ in 2020. From 2015 to 2020, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 7.514%, 6.751%, 8.611%, 4.713%, and 6.838%, respectively. The incidence of cancer in the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and the Northwest Sichuan Ecological Economic Zone showed a rising trend, AAPC values with statistical significancebeing 7.549% and 9.668%, respectively. From 2015 to 2020, the incidence rate of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer in Sichuan Province showeda rising trend, with AAPC values of 11.220%(95%CI:5.866-16.845),6.606%(95%CI:1.395-13.202),6.322%(95%CI:1.411-11.472),5.765%(95%CI:1.431-10.284) and 13.222%(95%CI:7.396-19.364),respectively.

The incidence of cancer in Sichuan Province shows a rising trend, and the prevention and control situation is grim. Lung cancer, digestive system cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer are the dominant cancer types in Sichuan Province, and specific prevention, control and screening should be strengthened.

To establish a health emergency competency evaluation index system for public health personnel, so as to provide a theoretical basis for building a health emergency team.

The competency index was screened and the evaluation index frame was established by literature research method, expert association commercial method and Delphi method.The analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight value of the importance of indicators at all levels, and the evaluation index system was formed.

A total of 21 experts were invited to conduct letter inquiries, and the recovery rate of the two rounds of expert letter inquiries was 100%.The Cronbach’s α coefficients of the expert letter consultation form were 0.968 and 0.963,expert authority level 0.865,Kendall’s W coordination coefficient in 2 rounds of correspondence suggested that experts had a high consistency (P<0.05). The evaluation index system of public health personnel’s competency in health emergency work included 3 first-level indicators,11 second-level indicators and 68 third-level indicators.The weights of the first-level indicators are respectively health emergency literacy (0.517 4), professional literacy (0.336 1) and personal literacy (0.146 6).

Good health emergency literacy is the basis for public health personnel to respond to public health emergencies.The weight of each index in this index system is determined by Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, and the results are scientific and reliable.

To evaluate the marginal effects of inputs on hospital outputs and the impacts of Integrated County Medical Community on hospital efficiency.

A stochastic frontier model was employed to estimate the production frontier and efficiency of each hospital, and a difference-in-difference method was utilized to identify the net effect of Integrated County Medical Community on hospital efficiency, including a heterogeneity analysis of this effect.

Our findings revealed that, in contrast to investments in fixed assets and equipment, hospital output exhibited a heightened elasticity in response to investments in beds, practicing physicians, and registered nurses. From 2016 to 2022, hospitals in Sichuan Province demonstrated an augmented level of efficiency, with a more conspicuous improvement observed subsequent to the initiation of Integrated County Medical Community. The net positive effect of this policy on hospital efficiency in was approximately 1.17 percentage points (P<0.001), where for-profit hospitals exhibited a greater sensitivity to this effect (P<0.05).

The Integrated County Medical Community pilot in Sichuan Province significantly improved the overall efficiency of hospitals, with a notably greater improvement observed in for-profit hospitals.

To investigate the effects of the interactions between type 2 diabetes risk-related genetic variations and occupational noise on prediabetes, and to provide the evidence for prevention of prediabetes in occupational populations.

A total of 991 workers in a tobacco plant were selected using a cluster sampling method. All subjects were classified into the control group (n=407) and exposure group (n=584) according to their noise exposure levels. The whole blood was collected for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement and the iPLEX system was used for genotyping. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the interactions of noise and type 2 diabetes risk-related genetic variations on prediabetes.

A total of 143 cases of pre-diabetes were detected with a prevalence of 14.30%. With adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI), the risk of prediabetes in noise-exposed workers was 1.535 times than that of non-noise-exposed workers. CDKAL1-rs2206734 TT and IGF2BP2-rs1470579 CC genotype carriers were the risk factors for prediabetes (all OR>1, all P<0.05), and there was an interaction between IGF2BP2-rs1470579 and occupational noise exposure based on multiplication models (P<0.05).

The CDKAL1-rs2206734 TT and IGF2BP2-rs1470579 CC genotype are susceptible genes for prediabetes, and they interact with occupational noise based on a multiplicative model.

To investigate the test situation of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and analyze its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits.

A study was conducted on 10 580 individuals who underwent health examinations at the health management center of The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023, regardless of occupation. All health examines underwent low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) lung examination to screen for pulmonary nodule patients, the detection rate and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey on their lifestyle and dietary habits was conducted, the relationship between the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and lifestyle and dietary habits were analyzed.

A total of 2 054 positive cases of pulmonary nodules were detected among 10 580 healthy individuals, with a detection rate of 19.41%. Among them, 320 cases were of type 1 nodules (3.02%), 1 425 cases were of type 2 nodules (13.47%), 218 cases were of type 3 nodules (2.06%), and 91 cases were of type 4 nodules (0.86%). There was a statistically significant difference in the classification of Lung RANDS for positive pulmonary nodules of different densities and sizes (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules among healthy individuals of different ages, genders, occupational environments, smoking habits, participation in physical exercise, and dietary habits (whether you have the habit of eating breakfast, whether you eat a high-oil diet, whether you eat fried products and the combination of meat and vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that males (OR=2.143, 95%CI: 1.151-3.9880), smokers (OR=2.234, 95%CI: 1.435-3.480), aged over 40 years old (OR=1.451, 95%CI: 1.031-2.040), not participating in physical exercise (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.157-2.165), and no habit of eating breakfast (OR=1.404, 95%CI:1.036-1.902), high oil diet (OR=1.409, 95%CI: 1.073-1.850) and eat fried products (OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.269-2.539) were independent risk factors for pulmonary nodules in healthy individuals in this region (P<0.05).

The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population in Luzhou region is relatively high, and related lifestyle and dietary habits may affect the occurrence of pulmonary nodules. It is recommended to actively carry out LDCT for people over 40 years old in this area, focusing on high-risk groups who smoke, do not participate in physical exercise, have habits of not eating breakfast, high oil diet and eating fried products. Early detection and management of high-risk pulmonary nodules can reduce the risk of lung cancer.

To understand the awareness of core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among multi-ethnic residents in Shimian County, a minority-concentrated area in southern Sichuan, and its influencing factors, and to provide strategic suggestions for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases prevention and treatment.

A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 4 160 permanent residents aged 18 and above in Shimian County from May to November 2022. The scores and awareness rates of the core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among Han and minority residents were calculated separately. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the knowledge and awareness of the core Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among residents of different ethnic groups and their influencing factors.

The median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 40 points. Among them, the median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents was 50 points, which was higher than the median score of 40 for ethnic minorities (Z=-3.905, P<0.001). The awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 36.7%, and the awareness rate among Han residents (38.1%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (31.6%) (χ²=12.544, P<0.001). Both Han and ethnic minority residents had the highest correct answer rate for social responsibility for chronic disease prevention and control (Han: 68.89%; ethnic minorities: 67.67%), and the lowest correct answer rate for knowledge about cardiovascular disease prevention (Han: 18.60%; ethnic minorities: 19.47%). The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that regardless of Han or ethnic minorities, having a bachelor’s degree or above (Han: OR=3.77, 95%CI:1.99-4.32; ethnic minorities: OR=9.98, 95%CI: 5.61-17.72) and sufficient physical activity (Han: OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.97-2.69; ethnic minorities: OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.36-2.62)were promoting factors for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, while engaging in non-physical labor(Han: OR=0.63, 95%CI:0.54-0.73; ethnic minorities: OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.33-0.64) was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, and being middle-aged and elderly was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents (OR=0.76, 95%CI:0.60-0.98).

The awareness level of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents of all ethnic groups in Shimian County needs further improvement. Regardless of whether they are Han or ethnic minorities, with low educational levels, engaged in non-physical labor, and lacking physical activity, they should be the key populations for health education on core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases.

To analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs and its influencing factors in the context of the reform of DRG, and to provide reference for the reasonable control of COPD inpatient costs.

ITSA were used to analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs in a tertiary general hospital from 2018 to 2022, and univariate analysis, stepwise regression analysis and RFM were used to analyse the factors influencing the inpatient costs and the degree of significance of COPD patients’ inpatient costs after the official operation of the DRG.

The results of ITSA showed that the overall inpatient costs of COPD patients decreased significantly and by an average of 1.82% per month during the DRG operation stage; the integrated medical service fee, drug fee, and consumable fee all showed a decreasing trend during the DRG operation stage, by an average of 1.06%, 1.67%, and 4.98% per month, respectively, but the proportion of the integrated medical service fee increased compared with that before the DRG reform by 7.18%; The stepwise regression results showed that the number of hospital days (β=0.584), admission status (β=0.294), whether surgery (β=0.125), whether traditional Chinese medicine (β=0.084), and drug share ratio (β=0.099) had a statistically significant impact on COPD hospitalisation costs (P<0.05); and the results of the Random Forest model analysis showed that hospital days, admission status, drug share ratio were the most important factors influencing COPD hospitalisation costs. status, and medication ratio were the key factors affecting COPD hospitalisation costs.

DRG can effectively promote medical institutions to strengthen cost management and reduce the economic burden of disease. Hospitals should further reduce the cost of COPD and the economic burden of patients by reducing the number of inpatient days, strengthening the management of critically ill patients, and promoting the rational use of drugs.

To evaluate the effect of salt-reducing intervention on the content of sodium of dishes in catering units in Shandong.

A stratified, random sampling method was used to recruit a representative sample of catering units, and finally 60 catering units were selected and divided into the intervention group and control group. The content of sodium was determined according to the national detection standard (GB/T 5009.91-2003).

After six months of intervention, the content of sodium of dishes in the intervention group’s catering units decreased from 436 mg/100 g 369 mg/100 g (Z=-3.88, P<0.001), with a decrease of 15.4%, while the control group only decreased by 4.3%. The monthly average salt consumption per meal in the intervention group decreased from 6.49 to 6.03 grams (Z=-3.12, P<0.05).

The salt-reducing intervention can reduce the content of salt of the dishes, and the monitoring of indicators, such as salt consumption, number of diners and sales ratio of low salt dishes in catering units, should be complied.

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Sichuan province from 2017 to 2021 and to provide evidence for prevention and control．

A descriptive analysis was conducted by downloading the case-data of HFMD in Sichuan province during 2017 to 2021 from the Chinese National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System.

A total of 442 079 cases of HFMD were reported from 2017 to 2021, including 627 severe cases and 4 deaths．The average annual incidence rate was 106.17/100 000. Cases in children aged 5 or younger accounted for 90.99％. Boys had higher incidence than girls (1.35:1). The scattered children accounted for 63.34％. Two peaks of incidence were observed other years, except for a few years, with the highest occurring between April to July and the second occurring in November to December．The incidence in Chengdu plain and its surrounding areas were significantly higher than other regions. Other enteroviruses (non-enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie virus A16) were the main pathogen, accounting for 71.45%; Coxsackie virus A16 accounted for 21.20% and enterovirus 71 accounted for 7.35%.

The incidence of HFMD in Sichuan Province is high from 2017 to 2021. The proportion of severe cases has significantly decreased（χ²=273.241，P<0.001）, and the main pathogen is the other enteroviruses (non-enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie virus A16).