To investigate the mediating effect of prefrontal cortex volume in the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), providing a basis for alleviating the burden and understanding the etiology of T2DM.

Utilizing data from the UK Biobank cohort, we analyzed the relationships among four air pollutants, eight prefrontal cortex volumes, and T2DM using multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. A multiple mediation analysis was conducted to estimate the overall mediating effect of the eight prefrontal cortex volumes.

A total of 26 624 participants were included in the study, with a T2DM incidence rate of approximately 2.0%. There was an overall negative correlation between air pollutant concentrations and prefrontal cortex volume. Increased concentrations of air pollutants were associated with a higher risk of T2DM; specifically, for every 1 standard deviation increase in PM_2.5 concentration, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 1.062 (1.003-1.159). Decreased volumes of the right medial prefrontal cortex, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral orbital frontal cortex, and right frontal pole were associated with increased T2DM risk, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.869 (0.755-0.949), 0.808(0.745-0.925), 0.897 (0.815-0.988), 0.823 (0.738-0.917), and 0.881 (0.796-0.974), respectively. The volume of the prefrontal cortex mediated the association between the four air pollutants and T2DM risk.

The study indicates that increased air pollutant concentrations elevate the risk of T2DM, and prefrontal cortex volume may serve as a significant mediating factor in the relationship between air pollution and T2DM. Reducing exposure to air pollutants and targeted interventions addressing factors affecting brain vitality, such as sleep and exercise, may effectively prevent the occurrence and progression of T2DM.

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its influencing factors among the elderly in Pidu District.

An analysis was conducted on health examination data from permanent residents aged 65 and older in Pidu District from 2022 to 2023. The comparison of rates was performed using the chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. The significance level was set at α=0.05.

A total of 110 992 elderly individuals completed all examination items in Pidu District during 2022 and 2023, including 48 956 males (44.1%) and 62 036 females (55.9%), with an average age of (71.9±5.9) years. The detection rates of dyslipidemia, elevated total cholesterol (TC), elevated triglycerides (TG), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 30.3%, 16.1%, 15.5%, 7.3%, and 5.6%, respectively. Female gender (OR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.43-1.54),smoking (OR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.14), overweight (OR=1.97, 95%CI: 1.80-2.16), obesity (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.86-2.26), central obesity (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.19-1.27), and lack of exercise (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.14-1.22) were identified as risk factors for dyslipidemia among the elderly in Pidu District. Conversely, being a rural resident (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.81-0.86) and being aged 80 years or older (OR=0.76, 95%CI: 0.73-0.79) were identified as protective factors.

It is essential to implement gender-sensitive management for the elderly, enhance health education related to overweight, obesity, and central obesity, and strengthen weight management among the elderly, while promoting daily exercise and smoking cessation.

To analyze the epidemiological trends of lung cancer in China and the world from 1990 to 2021, and to predict future standardized morbidity and mortality. By assessing the key factors affecting the burden of lung cancer, such as age, time period and birth cohort, the aim is to reveal the risk patterns of morbidity and mortality in different groups, provide a scientific basis for lung cancer prevention and control strategies, and support disease prevention, early intervention and resource allocation optimization.

The data of this study were from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Statistical analysis was performed using R 4.4.1 software. The annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by Joinpoint regression model to evaluate the trend of lung cancer incidence and mortality. At the same time, the age-period-cohort model combined with the endogenous factor algorithm (IE) was used to decompose and analyze the age, period and cohort effects, and to evaluate the independent effects of each factor on the risk of morbidity and mortality.

From 1990 to 2021, the average annual standardized incidence of lung cancer in China increased by 0.95%(95%CI: 0.76%-1.13%, P<0.001 ), and the average annual standardized mortality increased by 0.38%(95%CI: 0.13% -0.63%, P=0.003). The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased by 0.25%(95%CI: -0.36% -0.13%, P<0.001), and the global standardized mortality decreased by 0.54 %(95%CI: -0.7% -0.37%, P<0.001). It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044.It is estimated that the overall standardized incidence of lung cancer in China will decrease to 57.78/100 000 by 2044. The standardized incidence rate of male decreased to 73.59/100 000, and the standardized incidence rate of female increased to 44.80/100 000. The global standardized incidence of lung cancer decreased to 29.82/100 000. During the same period, the overall standardized mortality rate of lung cancer in China decreased to 48.23/100 000. The standardized mortality rate of males decreased to 62.88/100 000, while that of females increased to 36.18/100 000. From 1990 to 2021, the RR value of the period change of lung cancer incidence in China increased year by year, and the RR value of the period change of mortality increased first and then decreased. The cohort effect of lung cancer incidence and mortality also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China continued to rise, while the world showed a downward trend. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer increased with age, and men were significantly higher than women. The period effect increased year by year, and the cohort effect increased first and then decreased. The prediction shows that the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China and the world will decline as a whole from 2022 to 2044, and the global data is positively correlated with SDI.

To analyze the correlation between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in elderly populations, and to investigate whether the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) modulates this association.

This study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort data from 2014 to 2018. The baseline was set in 2014, and participants were prospectively followed for 4 years until the follow-up ended in 2018. Participants were divided into two groups according to the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI): the nutritionally normal group (GNRI ≥ 98) and the malnutrition group (GNRI < 98). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to assess differences in survival rates between the groups. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was employed to explore the non-linear relationship between GNRI and survival risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of GNRI and CKM stratifications with survival risk and to investigate the interaction effect of CKM staging.

A total of 1 725 elderly participants were included, and during the 4-year follow-up, 530 cases of all-cause mortality and 160 cases of CVD mortality were recorded. Significant differences in survival probabilities of all-cause and CVD mortality were observed among different GNRI groups (both P<0.001). GNRI showed a linear negative correlation with both all-cause and CVD mortality risks (P<0.001, P for non-linearity>0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the nutritionally normal group, the elderly in the poor nutrition group had a 63% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.34 - 1.97) and a 45% higher risk of CVD mortality (HR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.07). Additionally, CKM staging had a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and all-cause mortality risk (P for interaction < 0.05), but it did not have a significant modulating effect on the association between GNRI and CVD mortality risk (P for interaction > 0.05).

GNRI is an independent predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality risk in elderly populations, and its protective effect against all-cause mortality risk is more pronounced in patients with earlier CKM staging.

To analyze the association between Body Roundness Index (BRI) and to cardiometabolic comorbidities among individuals aged 35-75 years in Zhejiang Province.

Residents aged 35-75 years recruited in the 2022 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (Zhejiang region) were selected as the study population. Statistical analyses were performed using R 4.3.3 and SPSS 30.0. The χ² test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the impact of BRI on cardiometabolic diseases.

The overall prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiometabolic comorbidities in Zhejiang residents aged 35-75 years were 41.43%, 15.46%, 40.07%, 1.20%, 0.78%, and 27.99%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounders, individuals in the fourth quartile (Q4) of BRI had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=4.10, 95%CI: 3.11-5.38）, diabetes (OR=3.18, 95%CI: 2.20-4.61), dyslipidemia (OR=3.84, 95%CI: 2.95-5.00), coronary heart disease (OR=3.40, 95%CI: 0.74-15.71), stroke (OR=1.10，95%CI: 0.34-3.56) and cardiometabolic comorbidities (OR=5.20, 95%CI: 3.76-7.13) compared with the first quartile (Q1). Female participants (OR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.28-1.60) had a lower risk compared to males (OR=1.70，95%CI: 1.48-1.96). Significant interaction effects of age and smoking on the risk of cardiometabolic comorbidities were observed, with the risk significantly higher in middle-aged adults (35-54 years). In a population with normal BMI, ROC curve analysis indicated that BRI was superior to BMI in predicting the risk of CMM, however, both AUC values were below 0.7, suggesting that the predictive ability remains weak.

Higher BRI levels were positively associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities. To identify high-risk populations for cardiometabolic comorbidities early, targeted management and intervention strategies should be implemented to reduce the burden of cardiometabolic diseases. However, caution is warranted when promoting the use of BRI in public health and clinical practice, as further research is needed to validate its effectiveness.

To investigate the independent effects and interaction of smoking and shift work on anxiety, depression, and Comorbid Anxiety and Depressive symptoms (CAD) among steelworkers.

Steelworkers undergoing occupational health check-ups from March to September 2017 were studied. Anxiety, depressive symptoms and CAD were assessed using the SAS self-assessment questionnaire and the SDS self-assessment questionnaire. Basic information of workers, demographic characteristics, smoking, and shift data were collected using the Health Assessment Questionnaire. The shift-weighted index (WSI) and smoking index were analyzed for the dose-response relationship between them and the CAD; the WSI were grouped according to the Akaike information crite-rion. Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between smoking, shift work (WSI), and anxiety, depression, and CAD. And to explore the interactive effect of both on CAD.

A total of 3 657 workers were included in this study. The detection rates for anxiety, depression, and CAD were 28.63%, 27.15%, and 22.52%, respectively. WSI > 159 and a smoking index ≥ 200 were independent risk factors for these conditions. Smoking and shift work showed multiplicative and synergistic effects on CAD, with SI, RERI, and AP of 11.86 (8.54-16.47), 28.94 (8.42-49.47), and 0.89 (0.84-0.93), respectively.

Both smoking and shift work increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. Their combined presence significantly elevates CAD risk in steelworkers. Proper health management measures are recommended to improve mental health.

To analyze the influencing factors of hearing loss among workers in different workshop noise operations in a certain automobile manufacturing enterprise, and propose corresponding protective suggestions.

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed, and on-site questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect basic information, personal history, occupational history, and exposure status of the study subjects. Physical examinations were performed to obtain their hearing results. The study subjects were divided into four groups based on different workshops: the stamping workshop, the assembly workshop, the painting workshop, and the welding workshop. They were also categorized into two groups based on hearing: the normal hearing group and the hearing loss group. The relationship between various exposure characteristics and hearing loss was analyzed for 1 411 noise-exposed workers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, categorized by different workshops and hearing groups.

The detection rate of hearing loss in the research subjects was 20.13% (284/1 411), with the highest detection rate in the assembly workshop (25.00%). There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among different workshops (P<0.05). The differences in noise exposure levels and noise exposure duration among the four workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05); The detection rate of hearing loss in noise combined with organic solvent exposure was the highest (34.55%), significantly higher than that in noise combined with dust (21.69%), noise combined with other factors (20.00%), and noise alone (15.47%), with statistically significant differences between the groups (P<0.01). The detection rate of hearing loss in the noise combined with organic solvent exposure group was the highest in the final assembly and welding workshops, and the differences between different exposure groups in the two workshops were statistically significant (P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that workers exposed to noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust had 2.67 times (P<0.01) and 1.43 times (P<0.05) higher risk of hearing loss, respectively, compared to those exposed to noise alone.

The exposure of noise combined with organic solvents and noise combined with dust in automobile manufacturing enterprises is the main influencing factor of hearing loss among workers. The detection rate of hearing loss in the final assembly workshop is the highest. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen noise control and health protection in the workplace, and implement occupational health monitoring.

To investigate the association between dietary lycopene intake and cognitive function in adults aged 60 years and older.

Participants were selected from adults aged 60 years and older in the 2011-2014 NHANES database. A logistic regression model was constructed and adjusted for confounding factors such as age and gender to explore the relationship between dietary lycopene intake and cognitive function in older adults.

A total of 2 524 participants were included in this study, with a median dietary lycopene intake of 1 905.25 mcg. After adjusting for age, gender, and other confounding factors, the logistic regression model showed a significant negative correlation between cognitive impairment and dietary lycopene intake in immediate recall test (OR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.58-0.98), delayed recall test (OR=0.78; 95%CI: 0.60-0.99), and digit-symbol substitution test (OR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.49-0.91). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between cognitive impairment and dietary lycopene intake based on composite cognitive scores (OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.50-0.90). Trend analysis indicated that the risk of cognitive impairment decreased progressively with increasing dietary lycopene intake.

Dietary lycopene intake is negatively correlated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Increased lycopene intake may reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly.

To investigate the protective effect of folic acid on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by N-methyl-N ’-nitro-n-nitroguanidine (MNNG) and its signaling mechanism.

SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose folate groups (1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg), control group was given 10 mL/kg normal saline, and other groups were given 25 mg/kg MNNG.All were administered with free drinking water once a day for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin protein was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of E-cadherin, ZO-1, N-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot. In vitro (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 μg/mL), the concentration of folic acid was treated with 20 μmol/L MNNG for 24 h, and the mRNA transcription levels of E-cadherin, ZO-1, N-cadherin, Vimentin, TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT 3 signaling pathways were detected by RT-qPCR. The expressions of E-cadherin, ZO-1, N-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by Western blot.

Compared with the model group, folic acid could improve the precancerous lesions caused by MNNG, up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin (F=90.3，P<0.001) and ZO-1 protein (F=188.9，P<0.001), and down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin (F=68.9，P<0.001) and Vimentin protein (F=82.6，P<0.001). The results of cell Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the expression levels of E-cadherin and ZO-1 were decreased, decreasing to 63.7% (95%CI: 0.589-0.675, P<0.001) and 57.1% (95%CI: 0.494-0.706, P<0.001) of the control group. Cell RT-qPCR results showed that compared with the model group, E-cadherin mRNA levels were increased (F=8.5, P=0.007), the expression of ZO-1 mRNA increased (F=31.5, P<0001), N-cadherin mRNA levels were decreased (F=34.1, P<0.001), and the expression of Vimentin mRNA decreased (F=17.8, P<0.001).Cell RT-qPCR confirmed that MNNG can promote the transcription of key mRNA in TGF-β signaling pathway, Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, and JAK/STAT 3 signaling pathway. The downstream transcription factors snail and ZEB1 mRNA transcription were activated, while folic acid could antagonize the process.

Folic acid has certain protective ability against MNNG induced esophageal epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, which may be related to inhibiting the activation of JAK/ STAT3 signaling pathway.