To construct a preliminary quality evaluation index system for the centralized hospitalization treatment of infectious tuberculosis (TB), and to provide a reference basis for further promoting centralized hospitalization treatment of TB.

Based on Donabedian’s “structure-process-result” theoretical framework, the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used toconstruct the content of the index system and determine the weights of the indicators.

The active coefficients of experts in both rounds are 100%, the authority index of experts is 0.918 and 0.922, and the Kendall harmony coefficients of first level, second level, and third level indicators are 0.168(χ²=8.400, P=0.015), 0.174(χ²=104.355, P<0.001), and 0.112(χ²=232.560, P<0.001) respectively, the difference was statistically significant. The final index system consists of 3 primary indicators, 25 secondary indicators, and 84 tertiary indicators.

The quality evaluation index system of centralized hospitalization treatment for infectious tuberculosis constructed in this study has a high degree of representativeness and authority, with a more standardized construction of indicators and a more reasonable distribution of weights, which lays the foundation for subsequent research.

To analyze the status and influencing factors of medical care-seeking delay among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, and to provide a basis for optimizing TB prevention and control strategies.

Information on registered PTB in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024 was collected. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the characteristics of medical care-seeking delay. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of delay, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze its influencing factors.

A total of 21 772 PTB cases were registered in Zhuhai from 2005 to 2024, with an overall delay rate of 33.73%. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences in delay rates among patients of different ethnicities, ages, occupations, household registration types, sources of patients, treatment categories, diagnostic results, and etiological test results (P<0.05). Compared with individuals under 25 years old, those aged 25-64 (OR=1.158, 95%CI: 1.068-1.256) and those aged 65 and above (OR=1.301, 95%CI:1.151-1.471) were at higher risk of delayed medical care-seeking. Factors associated with an increased risk of delay included local household registration (OR=1.303, 95%CI: 1.226-1.384), retreatment patients (OR=2.074, 95%CI: 1.907-2.257), tuberculous pleurisy (OR=1.508, 95%CI: 1.292-1.760), and bacteriologically positive TB (OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.137-1.282). Protective factors against delay included active case finding (OR=0.413, 95% CI: 0.335-0.507), working in public places or commercial services (OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.969), and being retired or unemployed (OR=0.818, 95%CI: 0.699-0.958).

The rate of delayed medical care-seeking among tuberculosis patients in Zhuhai is relatively high. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of medical services, enhance health education on PTB, and conduct active screening for key populations in order to further reduce the delay in seeking medical attention.

To explore whether the number of somatic pain sites serves as a mediator between the number of chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Based on data from the 2020 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), 8 363 participants aged 60 and above were analyzed. The mediating role between variables was examined using Model 4 of the PROCESS 4.0 macro, and the Bootstrap method was applied for validation.

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults reached 41.02%. An increase in both chronic disease count and pain site number was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. (r₁=0.284, r₂=0.350, both P<0.001). A positive correlation was also observed between the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites (r₃=0.381, P<0.001).The mediation analysis results indicate that the number of pain sites (effect size=0.15, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.13-0.18) mediated the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms.

Both the number of chronic diseases and the number of pain sites are important factors influencing depressive symptoms in the elderly, with the number of pain sites playing a partial mediating role between the two. It is recommended to strengthen pain management in the elderly, regularly assess pain status, provide personalized interventions, and incorporate psychological support to enhance the quality of life and promote mental health in elderly individuals.

To analyze the risk factors for phlebitis caused by scalp vein indwelling needle infusion in children, providing a basis for reducing the clinical incidence of phlebitis.

We analyzed the medical records of 3 618 patients aged 0-24 months who received scalp vein indwelling needle infusion therapy at our hospital from January 2019 to June 2024. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for phlebitis and its severity associated with scalp vein indwelling needle infusion.

During scalp vein indwelling needle infusion therapy, 311 patients developed phlebitis, with an incidence rate of 8.60%. Among them, there were 175 cases in Grade 1, 89 cases in Grade 2, 39 cases in Grade 3, and 8 cases in Grade 4. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age≤12 months(OR=3.579, 95%CI: 1.055-12.135), indwelling needle retention time≥48 hours (OR=7.142, 95%CI: 2.426-21.030), unsuccessful venipuncture (OR=5.658, 95%CI: 1.278-25.044), junior nursing staff performing venipuncture (OR=3.747, 95%CI: 1.107-12.681), use of irritating drugs (OR=3.877, 95%CI: 1.719-8.744), daily infusion volume≥1L (OR=2.413, 95%CI: 1.066-5.465), infusion drug temperature<35℃ (OR=3.391, 95%CI: 1.044-11.012), infusion drug speed≥60 drops/min (OR=3.684, 95%CI: 1.675-8.100), and drug pH not between 5 and 9 (OR=6.527, 95%CI: 2.212-19.258) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of phlebitis due to scalp vein indwelling needle infusion (P<0.05). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression results for phlebitis grading showed that factors such as age, indwelling needle retention time, smoothness of the puncture process, seniority of medical staff, use of irritating drugs, daily infusion volume, and infusion drug temperature were positively correlated with the severity of phlebitis. The presence of these factors significantly increased the risk of children developing higher grades of phlebitis.

For younger patients undergoing scalp vein infusion therapy, it is recommended to promptly adjust drug pH and temperature, and appropriately assign experienced nursing staff to perform procedures to reduce the clinical risk of phlebitis.

To investigate the dose-response relationship between neck circumference and hypertension using restricted cubic spline modeling.

The data for this study were sourced from the 2023 Zigong Respiratory Health Screening Program. A stratified random sample of Zigong residents aged 35 to 75 years was selected to participate in questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and health examinations. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were employed to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and hypertension.

A total of 4 142 participants aged 35-75 years were enrolled, with a hypertension prevalenceof 36.5%. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios (OR) associated with hypertension prevalencewas 1.20(95%CI: 1.01-1.43) for the low neck circumference group and 1.42(95%CI: 1.17-1.72) for the high neck circumference group. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship between neck circumference and prevalence of hypertension in the overall population and in the noncentrally obese population(P<0.001 for overall trend and P<0.05 for nonlinearity). In contrast, in the centrally obese population, a linear dose-response relationship was demonstrated between prevalence of hypertension and neck circumference(overall trend P<0.001, nonlinear P>0.05).

Neck circumference is strongly associated with hypertension and there is a U-shaped dose-response relationship.

To investigate the prevalence of physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity patterns and their impact on the risk of falls among older adults in China.

Data were drawn from the CHARLS 2018-2020. A total of 6 431 participants aged 60 years and older were included. Physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity patterns were assessed in 2018 using self-reported physician-diagnosed diseases, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Falls were assessed in 2020 by self-reported fall events in the past two years. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to analyse the association between multimorbidity patterns and the risk of falls.

1 228(19.1%) out of 6 431 participants aged 60 years and older had experienced a fall in the past two years. In terms of the physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity pattern, the highest proportion of older adults had only physical illnesses (33.9%), followed by physical illnesses plus cognitive impairment (17.8%) and physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity (16.9%). The lowest proportions were observed for older adults with psychological illnesses plus cognitive impairment (2.2%) and those with only psychological illnesses (1.6%). Compared with older adults without any illnesses, the risk of falling increased by 73%(aRRs: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.33-2.26), 83%(aRRs: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.11-3.03), 70%(aRRs: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.29-2.23), 164%(aRRs: 2.64, 95%CI: 2.02-3.43), and 182%(aRRs: 2.82, 95%CI: 2.17-3.67) for those with only physical illnesses, only psychological illnesses, physical illnesses plus cognitive impairment, physical plus psychological illnesses, and physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity, respectively.

Most combinations of physical, psychological, and cognitive disorders increase the risk of falls in older adults. Compared with older adults without any illness, the risk of falling was significantly elevated for those with comorbid physical and psychological illnesses, and the risk was highest for those with physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity. Interventions are needed to reduce the risk of falls in older adults with physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity.

To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices of healthcare workers in the palliative care pilot area of Neijiang, Sichuan, regarding the concepts, functions, and goals of palliative care, and to provide evidence for developing a primary palliative care service model.

Seventy-two healthcare workers from six medical institutions in Neijiang’s pilot area were surveyed using a self-designed questionnaire validated by experts. The survey covered demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with descriptive statistics.

Participants were predominantly female (79.17%), with college degrees (54.17%) and junior titles (54.17%). Knowledge: 81.94% confused palliative care with hospice care, and only 4.17% recognized its focus on symptom control and social care; over 60% misunderstood service functions, with low awareness of morphine use (23.61% correct) and pain assessment (31.94% correct). Attitudes: 70% acknowledged the value of palliative care, with 44% citing stress from end-of-life care. Practices: Pain management (40.79%), patient/family communication (41.67%), institutional referrals (40.28% occasional), and death education (38.89% occasional) were inadequately performed.

Healthcare workers in Neijiang’s pilot area lack clear understanding and professional skills in palliative care, showing deficiencies in knowledge, implementation, and service delivery. Misconceptions and skill gaps hinder service development, necessitating enhanced training and model optimization.

To study the core competence of the doctor of public health in China and provide theoretical references for standardizing the training system and optimizing the training path of the doctor of public health.

Literature research was used to analyze the connotation, characteristics and promotion path of the core competence of the doctor of public health in China.

The core competence of the doctor of public health in China includes four dimensions: attitude, knowledge, skill and accomplishment. The core competence of the doctor of public health has 8 characteristics: systematism, integration, value, pluralism, dynamics, heterogeneity, research and application. The measures to improve the core competence of the doctor of public health are formed from three levels: the national macro system, the middle mode of colleges or universities, and the individual micro path of students.

The measures to train highly qualified doctor of public health and improve the core competence of the doctor of public health should be implemented. It provides reference for the selection, training and assessment of the public health doctor in a scientific way.

This study aimed to investigate the trend of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2018 and assess the impact of age, period, and cohort effects on its prevalence during this period.

Based on data from the Guangzhou Community Health Survey conducted every five years, residents were classified into abdominal obesity and normal body type groups according to their waist-to-hip ratio. Time trend analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) models were applied to investigate changes in abdominal obesity and its influencing factors among residents aged 15 to 79 years in Guangzhou.

The annual change rate of central obesity from 2008 to 2013 was 2.41% (1.86%-2.95%), whereas from 2013 to 2018, it decreased to -0.67% (-1.21%~-0.12%), indicating an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline. However, no significant decreasing trend was observed among the elderly population. The APC model identified advanced age as a significant factor for abdominal obesity in both men and women. Between 2008 and 2013, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased by 15%, with women experiencing a greater rise than men, before declining to slightly below the 2008 level by 2018.Cohort effects revealed that individuals born around the time of China's economic reform had a higher risk of abdominal obesity.

Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou shows a declining trend, it remains at a high level. There is a need for targeted interventions focusing on the elderly and individuals born around the 1970s, who underwent rapid nutritional transitions during that period.

To study the association between serum albumin level and the risk of respiratory failure after pulmonary infection in patients with pneumoconiosis.

This study utilized data of hospitalized pneumoconiosis patients from 2012 to 2021 and employed the Cox model to analyze the association between baseline serum albumin levels and the risk of respiratory failure following pulmonary infection in male pneumoconiosis patients.

The average age of 1 301 male inpatients with pneumoconiosis was 50.94 ±11.12 years, with a median age of 48 years old. Respiratory failure occurred in 194 patients after infection, and the incidence density was 44.14 per 1 000 person-years. Grouped by whether respiratory failure occurred, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, smoking status, drinking status, length of dust exposure, ALB, BMI and stage of pneumoconiosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that compared with pneumoconiosis patients with serum ALB≤35.1 g/L, those with ALB≥40.9 g/L had a reduced risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.02-0.94, P=0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with the lowest quartile group (Q1) of serum ALB, in the low BMI group (BMI<18.5 kg/m²), patients in the Q4 group of serum ALB had a significantly lower risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.64, P=0.001); in normal BMI group (18.5 kg/m²≤BMI<24 kg/m²), the Q4 group of serum ALB significantly reduced the risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53, P=0.001); and in pneumoconiosis stage 3 group, the Q4 group of serum ALB significantly reduced the risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.71, P=0.001). The restricted cubic spline plot showed that when ALB>38.1 g/L, the risk of developing respiratory failure after pulmonary infection in male pneumoconiosis patients decreased progressively with increasing baseline serum albumin levels.

High serum albumin is a protective factor for respiratory failure in male pneumoconiosis patients after pulmonary infection. Serum ALB concentration higher than 38.1 g/L can reduce the risk of respiratory failure after infection.