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Outline
Occupational production and environmental pollution have made heavy metal cadmium exposure a global health challenge. As one of the most widespread and hazardous heavy metal pollutants, cadmium can accumulate in the human body through pathways such as the food chain and respiratory tract, causing particular damage to the kidneys. This leads to proteinuria, inflammation, and can even progress to renal fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease.Currently, the mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity are not fully elucidated, and specific effective therapies are still lacking. Therefore, this article systematically reviews recent advances in the core mechanisms of cadmium-induced kidney injury, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of cadmium-induced kidney injury.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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