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Outline
To investigate the contamination levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-Ac-DON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-Ac-DON) in grains and their products in Chongqing, and to assess the dietary exposure levels and potential chronic health risks posed by these mycotoxins among residents of Chongqing.
Functional models (e.g. triangular distribution models) were employed to fit contamination data of DON and its acetyl derivativesfrom 794 samples across nine categories of grains and their products collected in Chongqing between 2018 to 2023. Parameter estimation was conducted based on distribution types. Probabilistic assessment (Monte Carlo simulation) was performed using data from the 2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey toestimate the exposure levels and characterize risks against established safety thresholds.
The average contamination levels of DON, 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON were 213.00, 0.09-4.48 and 0.75-5.51 μg/kg, respectively. Estimated daily intakes of DON and its derivatives varied by age group: 1.11-1.19 μg/(kg·d) (3-6 years), 0.85-0.94 μg/(kg·d) (7-17 years), 0.47-0.48μg/(kg·d) (18-59 years), and 0.50-0.52 μg/(kg·d) (≥60 years). At the 90th percentile (P90), The exposure levels of most population groups exceeded the daily tolerable intake (TDI). At P95, the exposures levels were 1.12 to 2.87 times the TDI for all population groups. Wheat flour products were identified as the primary source of DON and its acetyl derivatives.
The average dietary exposure of residents to DON and its acetylderivatives (3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON) is at a safe level, and there may be a potential weight loss risk in high-exposure populations.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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