To retrospectively analyze the survival status of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients infected with tuberoulosis (TB) in Baise City from 2005 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for better prevention and control of HIV-tuberoulosis (HIV-TB) dual infection.

A retrospective dynamic cohort study was used to download the historical database in the AIDS comprehensive prevention and control information system. HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2019 were selected. According to the conditions of gender, age of enrollment,time of diagnosis of AIDS, route of infection, whether to receive antiviral therapy and first CD4⁺ count, the double infected patients diagnosed with tuberculosis infection were selected as the HIV-TB group, and the non-tuberculosis infected HIV/AIDS patients were matched according to the matching condition of 1:1 ratio as the HIV/AIDS group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, the life table method was used to estimate the cumulative survival rate, and the time-dependent Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival.

A total of 1 188 cases were enrolled in the observation cohort, with 594 cases in the HIV-TB group and 594 cases in the HIV/AIDS group. There were 251 and 183 deaths in HIV-TB group and HIV/AIDS group, respectively. The mortality rates were 42.26% and 30.81%,respectively. The median follow-up time was 108 (IQR: 70-150) months and 106 (IQR: 67-147) months, respectively. The median survival time was 130 (95% CI: 108.283-152.411) months and >180 months, respectively. The 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative survival rates were 89.23%, 72.87%, 53.29%, 40.65% and 91.08%, 80.60%, 65.44%, 56.40%, respectively. The results of multivariate time-dependent Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of death in HIV-TB group was 1.391 times higher than that in HIV/AIDS group (95% CI: 1.115-1.735). Among males (HR=1.394, 95% CI: 1.105-1.758), participants aged <45 years (HR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.020-1.951), farmers (HR=1.557, 95% CI: 1.198-2.024), those with junior high school education or below (HR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.130-1.799), those not receiving antiviral therapy (HR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.267-3.169), and those with a first CD4⁺ count <200 cells/μL (HR=1.480, 95% CI: 1.137-1.926), HIV-TB patients had a higher risk of death than HIV/AIDS patients.

Compared with HIV/AIDS patients, the survival time of HIV-TB patients is significantly shorter, especially those who are male, younger, with low education level, without receiving antiviral therapy and with low immune level. It is necessary to carry out targeted publicity and education, strengthen health monitoring and management of high-risk groups, achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, reduce the risk of death of HIV-TB co-infected patients, and improve the survival time of HIV-TB co-infected patients.