Full
Outline
To investigate the detection of 22 respiratory pathogens among 7 244 acute respiratory infection (ARI)cases in Qinghai Province during 2024—2025, characterize their epidemiological patterns, and provide evidence for local prevention and control.
From February 2024 to August 2025, 7 244 ARI specimens were collected from six sentinel hospitals in five prefectures of Qinghai. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect 22 respiratory pathogens, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 28.0.
The overall positive rate for the 22 pathogens was 52.32%. The five most frequently detected pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae (33.02%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (26.99%), influenza A virus(10.48%), rhinovirus (9.40%), and SARS-CoV-2 (7.10%). Among 3 790 positive specimens, 60.82% were single infections and 39.18 % were mixed infections. The positive rate in influenza-like illness (ILI) cases (55.73%) was higher than in severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases (45.94%), and both the single infection rate (χ2=12.231, P<0.001) and the multiple infection rate (χ2=33.674, P<0.001) differed significantly between ILI and SARI cases. Pathogen detection rates varied across six age groups among ARI cases, peaking in children aged 4-7 years (68.06%) and lowest in adults ≥60 years (39.34%).
ARI in Qinghai Province shows a clear winter-spring peak. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A virus, rhinovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 are the predominant pathogens, and mixed infections are common. Detection rates of the 22 pathogens vary by age, season, and region. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented for key populations in different seasons.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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