Full
Outline
To analyze the long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of four rodent-borne notifiable infectious diseases (plague, HFRS, leptospirosis, and typhus) in China from 1950 to 2020, providing a basis for understanding the epidemiological patterns and scientific prevention and control of these diseases.
Data on the annual incidence and mortality of plague, HFRS, leptospirosis (data available since 1955), and typhus from 1950 to 2020 were collected from the Public Health Science Data Center. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analysis. Five indicators—number of cases, incidence rate, number of deaths, mortality rate, and case fatality rate—were used to evaluate trends in incidence and mortality.
Plague: From 1950 to 2020, a total of 8 409 cases and 2 761 deaths were reported, with an incidence rate of 1.64×10-4 per 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 32.83%. The number of cases, deaths, and incidence rate showed an overall declining trend (APC<0, P<0.05), while the decline in case fatality rate (AAPC=-3.50%, 95% CI: -7.29% to 0.43%) was not statistically significant. After 2002, the annual number of reported cases fluctuated between 0 and 68 (APC<0, P<0.05), with case fatality rates ranging from 0% to 100%. HFRS: From 1950 to 2020, a total of 1 684 077 cases and 48 390 deaths were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.34 per 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 2.87%. The number of cases, incidence rate, number of deaths, mortality rate, and case fatality rate initially fluctuated upward and then declined. The number of cases peaked in 1986 (115 807 cases) and then fluctuated downward (APC=-6.66%, 95% CI: -8.15% to -5.13%). From 2007 to 2020, the number of cases fluctuated between 8 121 and 13 308. The number of deaths dropped below 200 after 2006 and below 100 after 2013. The case fatality rate remained between 0.46% and 1.31% after 1995. Leptospirosis: From 1955 to 2020, a total of 2 523 008 cases and 27 730 deaths were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.64 per 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 1.10%. The mortality rate showed an overall declining trend (APC=-8.71%, 95% CI: -13.54% to -3.62%), while the trends in the number of cases, deaths, incidence rate, and case fatality rate were not statistically significant (APC>0, P>0.05). After 1999, the number of cases dropped below 10 000, and after 2006, it dropped below 1 000. The number of deaths dropped below 1 000 after 1988, below 100 after 2002, and below 10 after 2011. The case fatality rate showed an initial decline followed by an increase, ranging from 0% to 3.96% after 2000. Typhus: From 1950 to 2020, a total of 450 080 cases and 7 327 deaths were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.62 per 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 1.63%. The number of cases, deaths, mortality rate, and case fatality rate showed an overall declining trend (APC<0, P<0.05).
During 1950-2020, China made remarkable progress in controlling rodent-borne infectious diseases, with the incidence and mortality of the four notifiable diseases reduced to low levels; nevertheless, the prevention and control of these diseases remains a serious challenge.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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