To explore the relationship between body weight indicators and the TyG index (triglyceride-glucose index), as well as the combined indicators of these two factors, the triglyceride-glucose-weight index (TyG-BMI) and the triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC), and the risk of elevated blood pressure during follow-up among the adolescent population.

Using the convenient sampling method, students from the first, second and first-year senior grades of three schools in Sichuan Province were selected. A follow-up survey was conducted in March 2023, with an average follow-up period of 1.25 years and a dropout rate of 6.75%. The multivariate modified Poisson regression model was used to analyze the relationship between body mass index and TyG index, as well as the mixed indicators of the two (TyG-BMI and TyG-WC) and follow-up high blood pressure. The logistic regression model was used to explore the mediating effect of baseline TyG and follow-up TyG in the relationship between different body weight states and follow-up blood pressure levels.

Among the 812 teenagers who did not have high blood pressure at the baseline, the average age was 14 years old, and 40.30% were male. During the follow-up period, a total of 156 teenagers developed high blood pressure, with an incidence rate of 19.21%. In the multivariate adjusted Poisson regression analysis, both TyG-BMI and TyG-WC showed a positive correlation with elevated blood pressure at the follow-up (TyG-BMI: RR=1.009, P<0.05; TyG-WC: RR=1.004, P<0.05). In the mediating effect model, no mediating effect of baseline and follow-up TyG in the relationship between different weight statuses and follow-up high blood pressure was found.

We found that TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were associated with high blood pressure, but weight status played a key role in it.