Full
Outline
To study the association of insufficient sleep and internet addiction with comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Chongqing, and to provide evidence for developing mental health intervention strategies.
A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 68 961 middle school students from 41 districts/counties in Chongqing. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were used to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare the detection rates of depression, anxiety, and comorbidity among different groups of students. Logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the associations between insufficient sleep, internet addiction, and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety.
The prevalence rates of insufficient sleep and internet addiction among middle school students were 67.2% and 4.0%, respectively. The detected rates of depression, anxiety, and comorbidity were 25.3%, 6.8%, and 6.0%, respectively, with significantly higher proportions observed in females, ethnic minorities, and high school students. Logistic regression analysis indicated that insufficient sleep (OR=1.492, 1.529, 1.562, all P<0.001) and internet addiction (OR=5.742, 4.600, 5.069, all P<0.001) are independent risk factors for depression, anxiety, and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety. The students exhibiting both risk factors demonstrate a significantly higher likelihood of developing depression, anxiety, and comorbidity compared to their peers without internet addiction and with sufficient sleep (OR=7.965, 6.481, 7.226, all P<0.001).
Insufficient sleep and internet addiction are significantly associated with increased risks of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and their comorbidity among middle school students in Chongqing. It is recommended to implement comprehensive interventions through sleep health education, regulation of internet usage, and targeted psychological counseling.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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