Full
Outline
To investigate the association between frailty and heart failure onset, and to identify the metabolomic features mediating the relationship between frailty and heart failure.
Based on the UK Biobank (UKB), 255 160 participants who underwent baseline testing for 168 metabolites were included. The Fried frailty phenotype assessment data were obtained and divided into three groups: non-frailty (0), pre-frailty (1-2), and frailty (≥3). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the relationship between frailty and the risk of heart failure. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted on metabolites to assess the mediating role of metabolic markers in the relationship between frailty and heart failure.
Compared with non-frail participants, participants in the pre-frailty and frailty states had an increased risk of heart failure, with hazard ratios ( HR) of 1.441 (95% CI: 1.374–1.55) and 2.544 (95% CI: 2.323–2.785), respectively. Mediation analysis revealed that small high-density lipoprotein-related metabolites and low-density lipoprotein components played an important mediating role in the relationship between frailty and heart failure, with corresponding mediation proportions of 3.8%–5.5%.
Frailty is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, and plasma metabolites characterised by small high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins may be key biomarkers mediating the association between frailty and heart failure.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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