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Based on the surveillance data of brucellosis in Hubei from 2010 to 2023, this study explores its epidemiological characteristics and contributing factors. The findings may serve as a decision-making reference for developing targeted prevention and control mechanisms and optimizing current intervention strategies.
The data in this research were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance Platform (China CDC Information System). Data organization and preliminary analysis were carried out using Excel, statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25.0, and spatial geographic distribution maps were generated via ArcGIS 10.2 to visually present the epidemic distribution.
In 2010, the first case of human brucellosis was reported in Hubei. A total of 2 176 cases were reported from 2010 to 2023. The incidence showed a phased fluctuation trend: a budding phase in the initial period (2010—2013), followed by a significant increase in the early stage (2013—2016), a gradual decline in the mid-term (2016—2020), and a resurgence in the later period (2020—2023). The cases exhibited distinct seasonal clustering, and 67.2% of cases occurred between March and August. In terms of spatial distribution, except for Shennongjia, cases were reported in the other 16 cities (prefectures) of the province, and core high-incidence areas included Suizhou City, Jingmen City, Xiangyang City, Xianning City, and Huanggang City. The coverage rate of cases in counties and districts reached 93.2%. Demographic analysis revealed that people aged 40 to 69 accounted for 72.6% of cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. Occupational distribution was dominated by farmers (69.1%). The median diagnostic delay period (interval from symptom onset to diagnosis) was 9 days, showing a gradual shortening trend over the years. Suspected cases were most concentrated in Guangshui City and Suixian. A structural shift in case reporting sources was observed: the proportion of cases reported by municipal medical institutions increased, while the share from county-level institutions increased initially before declining. In contrast, the contribution from disease control centers saw a significant drop.
From 2016 to 2020, the incidence of human brucellosis in Hubei continued to decline, indicating partial success in its ovine brucellosis eradication campaign launched in early 2015. However, a significant resurgence occurred post-2020, with the epidemic demonstrating geographical expansion from northern Hubei to southern Hubei and from eastern Hubei to western Hubei. It is imperative to establish a coordinated mechanism for zoonotic diseases through cross-sectoral collaboration to enhance the surveillance, prevention, and control of brucellosis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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