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Outline
The aim was to analyze the incidence, birth, and intervention status of fetal complex congenital heart defects (CCHDs) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi), providing a basis for preventing and controlling CCHDs.
Based on data from the Guangxi Birth Defects Surveillance Network (2017—2022), all fetuses and perinatal infants delivered in maternity care institutions were included. CCHDs were diagnosed according to ICD-10 standards and provincial guidelines. The incidence rate (overall, <28 weeks, and ≥28 weeks), birth rate, and intervention rate for CCHDs were calculated. Python 3.12 was utilized to perform trend tests, intergroup comparisons, and risk ratio (RR) analyses.
Between 2017 and 2022, the overall incidence rate of fetal CCHDs was 10.21 per 10 000. The incidence rate for fetuses <28 weeks of gestation (8.50 per 10 000) was significantly higher than that for fetuses ≥28 weeks (1.72 per 10 000). The birth rate was 0.79 per 10 000. Between 2017 and 2022, the overall incidence and the incidence in the <28 weeks group showed a significant increasing trend (β>0, P<0.001), while the incidence in the ≥28 weeks group showed a significant decreasing trend (β=-0.075, P<0.001). The overall incidence was significantly higher in male fetuses (11.49 per 10 000) than in females (8.04 per 10 000) (RR=1.428). The incidence was significantly higher among mothers aged ≥35 years compared to the appropriate-age group (P<0.001). The overall intervention rate for CCHDs was 88.43%. The intervention rate was significantly higher in the <28 weeks group (97.47%) than in the ≥28 weeks group (43.55%). The top 10 most frequent CCHDs subtypes were complete atrioventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, single ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, complete transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary atresia, persistent truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, and hypoplastic right heart syndrome.
The incidence of fetal CCHDs in Guangxi has shown an increasing trend, and male fetuses and older pregnant women were identified as high-risk groups. Although early intervention (<28 weeks) was highly effective, the rate of intervention at ≥28 weeks was insufficient, suggesting a need to optimize the diagnosis and management pathway during late pregnancy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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