Full
Outline
To analyze the spatiotemporal trends in the global disease burden of breast cancer attributable to excessive red meat intake from 1990 to 2021, explore the causal relationship between red meat consumption and breast cancer, and provide a scientific basis for nutritional interventions in breast cancer.
Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used as evaluation indicators. Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models were employed to analyze trends and effects. Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to infer the causal association between red meat consumption and breast cancer.
The disease burden exhibited a distribution pattern characterized by “low in Africa and Asia, and medium-to-high in Europe, the Americas, and Oceania”. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate and DALY rate decreased by 19.22% and 14.87%, respectively, with a slight increase observed after 2015. Between 2019 and 2021, indicators in both males and females showed a short-term increase. The average annual percentage changes in mortality and DALYs were -0.717% and -0.536%, respectively. The decline in mortality was slightly greater in females than in males, while the decline in DALYs was greater in males. The peak disease burden occurred in the 47.5-52.5 years age group, with a resurgence of risk observed in the 1992 birth cohort. MR analysis confirmed a causal relationship between high beef intake and breast cancer (univariate IVW OR=1.511; multivariable IVW OR=3.390), while no definitive association was found for pork or lamb.
The global disease burden of breast cancer attributable to excessive red meat intake has generally declined, though spatial and gender differences exist, along with a recent resurgence. Excessive beef consumption is a potential risk factor for breast cancer. Differentiated nutritional intervention strategies should be developed, focusing on controlling excessive beef intake and monitoring red meat consumption trends in younger cohorts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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