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To understand the epidemic characteristics and predominant pathogenic bacterial groups of meningococcal meningitis in Anhui Province from 2006 to 2024, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of meningococcal meningitis and the adjustment of immunization strategies.
Data on the incidence of meningococcal disease and pathogen detection in Anhui Province from 2006 to 2024 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and bacterial distribution of meningococcal disease. The Joinpoint software was used to analyze the incidence from 2006 to 2024.
From 2006 to 2024, a total of 1 014 cases of meningococcal meningitis were reported in Anhui Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.09 per 100 000. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the incidence of meningococcal meningitis overall decreased from 2006 to 2024 [average annual percent change (AAPC) =-27.66%, P<0.001], with a significant decrease in the number of cases from 2008 to 2015 [annual percent change (APC) =-45.36%, P<0.001]. The top three reporting regions with the average annual incidence rate were Hefei City (0.34 per 100 000), Bengbu City (0.17 per 100 000), and Huainan City (0.12 per 100 000). The cases were mainly concentrated from November to the following April, accounting for 89% of the total. The male-to-female ratio was 1.43 (597/417); the age group with the highest incidence was 15-19 years old (26.53%), 10-14 years old (24.46%), and the 0-4 age group (15.48%); the occupation was mainly students (55.23%). From 2006 to 2024, a total of 170 cases of bacterial surveillance were reported in Anhui Province. The bacterial strain changes showed a trend of a decrease in the proportion of C strain and an increase in the proportion of B strain year by year. In terms of age distribution, the 0-4 age group was mainly dominated by the B strain (43.75%), while the 10-19 age group was mainly dominated by the W135 strain, A strain, and C strain with diversified high incidence.
The incidence of meningococcal disease in Anhui Province is currently at a low level. The peak incidence ages are concentrated in the 10-19 years old and 0-4 years old groups. The predominant strain is Group B. The prevention and control of meningococcal disease faces new challenges. It is recommended to provide an additional dose of meningococcal vaccine for adolescents aged 10-19 years old.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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