Full
Outline
To investigate the contamination status and distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liquid milk and livestock meat in Inner Mongolia, to assess the health risks of dietary exposure in the population, to provide a scientific basis for national food safety risk assessment, and to promote the formulation and implementation of PFASs prevention and control measures.
Samples of locally produced liquid milk and livestock meat were collected from 12 leagues and cities in Inner Mongolia. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect and analyze 23 PFASs in the samples. The estimated daily intake (EDI), estimated weekly intake (EWI), and hazard quotient (HQ) methods were applied to conduct an exposure assessment on the total intake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) through liquid milk and livestock meat consumption among the population in Inner Mongolia.
A total of 454 liquid milk and livestock meat samples were collected, including 214 liquid milk samples and 240 livestock meat samples. The detection results showed that the overall detection rate of 23 PFASs in liquid milk samples was 48.13% (103/214). The predominant compounds detected were perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), PFHxS, and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), with detection rates of 31.31% (67/214), 13.08% (28/214), and 11.21% (24/214), respectively. The overall detection rate of PFASs in livestock meat samples was 59.17% (142/240). The compounds with higher detection rates were PFPeA, potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and PFBA, with detection rates of 23.75% (57/240), 20.83% (50/240), and 19.58% (47/240), respectively. The assessment results indicated that the HQs for the total intake of PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS through liquid milk and livestock meat in the Inner Mongolia population were all<1.
The contamination level of PFASs in liquid milk and livestock meat in Inner Mongolia is relatively low, and the dietary exposure risk of total PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS through liquid milk and livestock meat consumption is low.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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