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Outline
Based on longitudinal survey data, this study aimed to explore the associations between Activities of Daily Living (ADL), depressive symptoms, and cognitive function among rural elderly individuals in Guizhou Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for promoting the health of rural elderly populations.
A multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted to select rural elderly individuals aged 60 years and above from 12 villages in 5 townships (towns) of 2 counties (districts) in Guizhou Province. A baseline survey (T1) was conducted in 2019, and a follow-up survey (T2) was carried out in 2022. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyze the associations and interaction effects between ADL, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function.
A total of 763 elderly individuals were included as participants in this study. The results showed that both ADL scores (β=-0.57, 95%CI: -0.68 - -0.47) and depression scores (β=-0.20 95%CI: -0.33 - -0.06) were negatively associated with cognitive function (assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination ［MMSE］ scores). Furthermore, a significant interaction effect was observed between these two factors on cognitive function (β=0.11, 95%CI: 0.08-0.15). Stratified analysis by depression score levels revealed that ADL scores remained negatively associated with cognitive function across all strata (all P<0.05). When stratified by ADL score levels, depression scores were negatively associated with cognitive function in the low ADL group (P<0.05), whereas no statistically significant association was found in the high ADL group (β=-0.06, 95%CI: -0.28-0.17).
Impaired ADL and depressive symptoms increase the risk of cognitive decline in elderly individuals in rural areas. Depression can moderate the association between ADL and cognitive function: elderly individuals with unimpaired ADL may be more vulnerable to the impact of depression on cognitive function. Strengthening the monitoring and intervention of ADL and depressive symptoms in the elderly is conducive to preventing or delaying cognitive decline among elderly individuals in rural areas.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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