Full
Outline
To analyze the trends in disease burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) attributable to smoking in China from 1990 to 2023, and to provide evidence to inform prevention and control strategies for dementia.
Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990-2023, trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, and age-period-cohort (APC) models were applied to decompose age, period, and cohort effects.
Between 1990 and 2023, the number of deaths and DALYs of ADRD attributable to smoking in China increased by 269.002% and 223.932%, respectively. During the same period, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) showed a slight overall decline, with average annual changes of-0.135% and-0.040%, respectively. Age effect: Disease burden increased significantly with age, rising more slowly after 60 years but remaining at high levels. Period effect: Risk of disease burden continued to increase over time, peaking between 2020 and 2023. Cohort effect: A significant intergenerational decline was observed, more pronounced among females.
Although the age-standardized burden of ADRD attributable to smoking in China has gradually decreased, the absolute burden has increased, with males bearing a significantly higher burden than females. The cumulative effect of long-term smoking before age 60 has markedly increased disease burden, laying the foundation for a peak in older age, highlighting the importance of early-and mid-life interventions. Multi-level strategies, including policy measures, community support, and individual behavior interventions, should focus on middle-aged and older male smokers to reduce long-term disease burden.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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