Full
Outline
To understand the changing trend of drowning disease burden among Chinese children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for formulating prevention and control strategies.
The standardized disability adjusted life years(DALYs) rate, standardized mortality and standardized incidence rate of drowning children and adolescents under 20 years of age in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected through the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database in 2021. Average annual percentage change (AAPC)and the annual percentage change (APC) were used to analyze the trend of changes in drowning disease burden among children and adolescents of different ages and genders.
From 1990 to 2021, the standardized DALYs rate (AAPC=-6.30%) and the standardized mortality rate (AAPC= -6.15%) of children and adolescents drowning in China declined more than the standardized incidence rate (AAPC=-3.70%) (all P<0.001). The crude DALYs rates, crude mortality rates, and crude incidence rate in the <5, 5-<10, 10-<15, and 15-<20 age groups decreased (AAPC range was -8.53% to -2.38%, all P<0.001), and the <5 age group decreased the most rapidly (all P<0.001). The standardized DALYs rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized incidence rate of male and female drowning showed a downward trend(all P<0.001), and the decline rate of male drowning was higher than that of female drowning.
The overall disease burden of drowning among children and adolescents in China has shown a downward trend from 1990 to 2021. In the future, a multidimensional and immersive drowning prevention and emergency rescue education system should be constructed based on age and gender differences to enhance the safety literacy and self-rescue and mutual-rescue abilities of children and adolescents.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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