Full
Outline
To explore the independent and interactive effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the outpatient visits of respiratory diseases in Xining City, and to provide a scientific basis for urban public health protection in plateau areas.
A time-stratified case-crossover design was used. Outpatient visit data for respiratory diseases from three hospitals in Xining during 2016—2021 were included, and pollutant data were obtained from the China Air Quality Online Monitoring Platform. A generalized nonlinear model was applied to assess the lagged effects of CO, O3, SO2, NO2, PM10,PM2.5 and temperature. Interactions were quantified using a bivariate response surface model, relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion (AP).
The single pollutant model analysis showed that the risk of outpatient visits increased with higher concentrations of CO and NO2. SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 showed a ‘first increase and then decrease’ curve, and the peak RRs were 1.69, 1.55 and 1.80, respectively. O3 showed a ‘U’ shaped curve, and the trough RR was 0.76. The lag effect analysis indicated that same-day effects were strongest for SO2, NO2 and PM10. The peak RR of SO2 reached (RR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.26-1.88) at lag 7 days, and the cumulative lag effect of NO2 reached (RR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.31) at lag 3 days. The interaction analysis showed that SO2, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 had a significant synergistic effect at low temperatures, but had an antagonistic effect with O3. Under high temperature conditions, it only had a synergistic effect with O3.
The risk of respiratory diseases in Xining is affected by the concentration of pollutants, temperature and their interaction. Low temperature aggravates the health hazards of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter, and high temperature enhances the hazard effect of O3.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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