Full
Outline
To explore the comorbidity patterns of chronic heart failure(CHF) patients with different cardiac function grades, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing treatment plans and improving patient prognosis.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the clinical information of 495 patients with CHF from 9 hospitals inside and outside Beijing from May 2018 to November 2022. Association rule analysis was applied to investigate comorbidity patterns among patients with varying degrees of cardiac function, and a comorbidity network for CHF patients was constructed and visually analyzed.
The comorbidity prevalence among the 495 CHF patients was 96.57%. The comorbidity ratios for patients with cardiac function grades II, III, and IV were 94.37%, 96.81%, and 97.25%, respectively. Hypertension (67.27%), hyperlipidemia (48.69%), and diabetes (46.46%) were the most common comorbidities among CHF patients, with the highest proportion of patients having two comorbidities (28.90%). As cardiac function declined, the frequency of comorbidities such as renal insufficiency and atrial fibrillation showed an increasing trend. In patients with cardiac function grades II, III, and IV, 34, 11, and 23 strong association rules were identified, respectively, further revealing the associations among hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in CHF patients. The comorbidity network diagram demonstrated a close association between heart failure patients and conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, indicating a complex comorbid relationship. There was a difference in comorbidity network density among patients with varying cardiac function levels, with patients experiencing deterioration in cardiac function exhibiting more complex comorbid connections.
Strengthening the monitoring and management of comorbidities in clinical CHF patients could help integrate medical resources, optimize personalized intervention strategies, and enhance the overall effectiveness of chronic disease prevention and control.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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