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Outline
To investigate the relationship between dynamic changes in cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index (CHG) and new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.
In this study, the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data were utilized. Both K-means clustering and cumulative measures were used to characterize the dynamic changes of CHG. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between CHG changes with CVD. The nonlinear relationship between cumulative CHG and CVD was further assessed using restricted cubic spline. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether the association between CHG changes and CVD differed across participant subgroups.
A total of 4 710 participants were included, and a total of 785 (16.7%) developed CVD during the follow-up period. The patterns of changes in CHG over the two follow-up visits were categorized into three classes by K-means clustering: persistently low (class 1), persistently medium (class 2), and persistently high (class 3). The risk of CVD was significantly increased in class 2 (HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.17-1.64) and class 3 (HR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.11-1.87), compared with class 1. With the first quartile as reference, the third and fourth quartile of cumulative CHG had an increased risk of CVD and stroke. RCS analysis revealed a significant positive linear relationship between cumulative CHG and the risk of CVD (Pnonlinearity=0.372) and stroke (Pnonlinearity=0.200). Subgroup analyses did not identify variables that significantly interacted with changes in CHG.
Dynamic changes in CHG are significantly associated with the risk of CVD. The simplicity and affordability of CHG make it particularly valuable for large-scale screening, providing a new reference index for the risk prediction of CVD in the future.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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